What Is Meant By Language Varieties?

What Is Meant By persuadeion Varieties?Language is defined as a g all overning bodyatic map of sounds, gestures or symbols for communication. It has a complex system where the rules ar non cl earlyish stated and is productive as an innumerable number of fourth dimensions can be produced once the rules ar looked.Varieties of LanguageThe expressions and subroutines of a language varies in many ways. The diagram below illustrates these language varieties Language VarietiesParticipantsGeographicalRegistersSocialHistoricalMedium resultsSetting1. Historicali) gray side it was descended from the languages spoken by the Germanic tribes when they invaded England more or less 500 AD. The motley dialects spoken by these invaders formed the early side language.ii) Middle English was the result of the French influence of the Normans and lasted from 1100-1500 ADiii) Modern English is small into early Modern English and late Modern English.The former began around the time of want onwright, William Shakespe ar.Late Modern English occurred around 1800 during British supremacy and colonisation of other parts of the world.2. GeographicalEnglish whitethorn be the native language of England but overdue to various reasons such as colonisation, migration, globalisation, cultural, economic, etc, it had spread to other countries around the world.However, the language utilize in these incompatible countries developed independently from the original language due to influences by topical anaesthetic languages.These influences cause, among other things, the differences in the pronunciation, thus producing their distinctive accent.Some forms of these areAmerican EnglishAustralian EnglishIndian EnglishIn certain(p) regions,there are antithetical versions of the same language called dialects. These dialects have distinct grammar, expression and accent.Eg Cant wizardse ( dialect of Mandarin) Aboriginal English (Australia).3. SocialIt refers to the use of the langua ge in price of the genial class or identity. Eg The upper class fiat in Britain work to use Received Pronunciation (RP) withal know as Queens English or BBC English while others tend to use Cockney English.4. RegistersThese are variations caused by i) SettingIt has a large-mouthed influence in the application of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). Different industries such as Legal, IT, Food Beverage, Technical or Hotel Service has their own grammar or technical jargon.Eg Lawyers would use buckram or legal terms in the execution of their papers or court hearings whereas an electrician needs to empathize technical terms to issue instructions or to describe repairs.ii) ParticipantsThe age, sex, grouping identity and graphemes lead influence the language used.AgeA antithetical variety of language is used when talking to children, eg. Peekaboo than when talking to a peer. SexFemales tend to be more hyperbolic or communicatory in their run-in while males lyric is more s ubdued.RolesThe role we play in our day-to-day contact with others affect the way we communicate. Eg as a spouse, colleague, parent, teacher, etc.iii) TopicDifferent subjects have its own specialized pitch of vocabulary and grammar usage.Eg A disc jockey and a priest would use different sets of the same language to engender their messages.iv) MediumIt can be visual or auditory. Visual (reading and pen)In reading, there are different degrees of formality and also more vocabulary than in listening.In writing, grammatic rules need to be applied and time is needed to interpret the create verbally wordAuditory ( chating and listening)Having good listening skills certainly sponsors nonpareil to recess up and improve on language skills, esp. in intonations, grammar or vocabulary.In speech, quarrel are usually accompanied by body gestures to convey the message. Words spoken rarely needs to be interpreted, unlike written terminology.ConclusionAs the usage of English language e xpands across the globe, influences from local cultures, language or from new discoveries in Science and Technology go away evolve the language, making it more varied than ever.Referenceswapedia.mobi/en/Variety_(linguisticsCategories Linguistics Varieties of Englishwww.icalweb.com/wiki/Varieties_of_EnglishAn Introduction to International Varieties of English by L Bauer Related articlesQ2. What is communicative susceptibility?Communicative competency refers to a language users grammatic cognition of sentence structure, morphology, phonology, etc as well as social knowledge close how and when to use utterances befittingly.(Dell Hymes,1966)The desired outcome is the business leader to use the language correctly and appropriately to accomplish communication finishings, not the ability to use the language just as a native speaker does.This outcome depends on 1) correctness in deliveryOther than having knowledge of the words and rules of the language (linguistics), one must als o learn not just to say what one means but to use the right words to suit the situation.The words used in to communicate with a friend may control to be inappropriate when speaking to your headmaster.Eg Hi Buddy, have a twit good day.Good Morning, Mr. BrownSpeech can be sort out into Casual/Intimate SpeechIt is easy going and natural, mainly occurring amid family, friends or people whom you are comfortable with. It may contain many omitted forms of grammar and missing words .Eg Want tea?I go station now. You coming ?.ii) Formal SpeechIt is more careful but also natural. Proper word sentences and grammar rules are observed and may be used in office or court settings between employer-employee, lawyer-client, etc.iii) honoring SpeechIt tends to be more unnatural where the rhythm and intonation are quite different from normal speech.2) Appropriateness in WritingCompetency in writing, such as knowledge of grammatical rules, spelling, etc cannot be overlooked. However, different s ituations dictate different styles of writing.i) TelegramsWhere the main message or the gist of it has to be communicated in the shortest time, correct grammar form used may be inappropriate.ii) EssaysIt is formal writing where grammatical rules, semantics, spelling, etc has to be observed.iii) PoetryThe poetic style of writing may not follow the grammatical rules of the language.iv) Legal DocumentThe terms and language used have to be very formal and expressively written.3) Appropriateness in SettingBeing competent in utilise the language appropriately in a social setting will enable you to be understood and accepted. The setting is influenced byi) ParticipantThe social status, sex and age will affect the style of speech .Eg speech use to communicate with a child is different from communicating with an adult.ii) TopicSpeech used depend on the subject. Eg words used for a recipe discussion will imply ingredients, method, measures while IT skills will include computer,download,prin ter.In conclusion, where English is taught as a foreign or endorsement language, it has become widely accepted that communicative competence should be the goal of language attainment. This is unlike previous views in which linguistics competence was ordinaryly given top priority.ReferencesEn.wikipedia.org/wiki/communicative competencewww.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/knowledge-wiki/communicative competencewww.nclrc.org/essentials/goalsmethods/goal.htmSection BQ1 What are the various stages of L1 acquisition? How does this knowledge help us in L2 teaching?Language is commonly defined as any means of conveying or communicating ideas and language acquisition is learning how to communicate these ideas. It is the process by which people acquire the ability to perceive, produce and get into the words to communicate. setoff language(L1), which is also known as native language or mother tongue is acquired naturally due to ones needs to communicate in order to fulfil his wants.Acquisitio n Of First LanguageIt occurs in stages from birth.Stage 1 Pre SpeechBabies respond to speech around them more keenly than to other sounds and from birth, will learn to give in attention and distinguish the following in their environment before they speak i) speech phonemes of the language, eg the speech sound of t and d in lap up and badii) intonation the rising and falling intonationsiii) rhythm of speech phonological or system of speech patterns in the language used.Stage 2 BabblingBabies begin to babble from around 3 to 4 months old. It is basically speech sounds with rising and falling intonations.These indiscriminate utterances (eg dadada or nanana..) do not make sense to the listener but the baby appears to understand the heart and soul of it.Stage 3 One word (Holophrastic) stageAt about ten months, infants start to utter their first recognizable words althoughi) pronunciations may be inaccurateeg eep for sleepii) vocalized words may not correlate with words in the la nguageeg meh for cat or ta for souseiii) certain words may be distortedeg goggy for doggieiv) reiteration of wordseg da-da,na-naStage 4 Two word stageBabies are able to say mini sentences with simple semantic links from 18months onwards.Eg cat no (there is no cat )At this stage, their ability to express is not as advanced as an adult. The semantic use of words are either too broad or too narrow. He may call any round item ball or only himself and no one else boyHowever, these underextensions and overextensions develop and change over time.Stage 5 Multi word Stage (Telegraphic Stage)By two years, nigh children are able to speak in sentences of several words. These telegraphic sentence structures are made up of lexical morphemes which are grammatically incomplete.Eg No eat instead of I wont eat.Stage 6 regulation speechBy about 3 years of age, they would have acquired grammatical and functional structures of words to be able to conduct normal speech. stake language (L2) is any language learned after the first language. distant L1, it is normally acquired in order to integrate with the environment.and is achieved through active learning and motivation.As L2 learners follows the same stages of acquisition as L1 learners,it is beneficial if we understand and apply these stages because it will help us to educate L2 learners more effectively.Acquisition of warrant LanguageThe stages that L2 learners go through areStage 1 tacit StageIn an environment which is similar to the Pre-Speech Stage of L1, they hear and learn to recognize the distinctive sounds of words and pronunciations.During this silent stage, they may not speak but can respond various ways such as pointing to an object, person or gesturing with a yes and no response.Stage 2 archeozoic SpeechDuring this stage, utterances of first words (holophrastic) gradually make way to speaking a few simple words and then, simple phrases of the language. Mispronunciations are common during this stage and s entences are telegraphic in nature.Stage 3 Speech EmergenceLearners try to form sentences and will make mistakes in the grammatical structuring of the sentences.By making use of the Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), the development of the learner can be assessed by measuring the morphemes uttered.EgEarly In Between LaterYou eat? You eating? Are you eating?From the early stage of 2 morphemes, it develops to 3 and then finally 4 morphemes where the grammar and syntax are in order.Stage 4 Language ProficiencyLearners are capable of using complex sentences and apply the acquired language to a great extent. They can opine, discuss and most importantly, begin to think in the stand by language.Teachers RoleIn all the above stages, the teacher takes the important role of the mother where she encourages, repeats and reinforces the language.By motivating and making the learners feel secure in a conducive environment, learners will be more willing and surefooted to acquire a second language .