Segregation and the Civil Rights Movement Essay -- Black struggle for

Protest against injustice is deeply rooted in the African American experience. The origins of the civil rights stool date much further back than the 1954 Supreme Court ruling on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka which said, separate but reach schools violated the Constitution. From the earliest slave revolts in this expanse over 400 years ago, African Americans strove to gain full participation in every reflection of political, economic and social life in the United States. separationism was an attempt by white southerners to separate the races in every sphere of life and to hit supremacy over blacknesss. Segregation was often called the Jim Crow system, after a minstrel show character from the 1830s that was an old, crippled, black slave who embodied negative stereotypes of blacks. Segregation became common in the Southern states following the end of Reconstruction in 1877. The system of segregation also included the denial of voting rights, known as disfranc hisement. Between 1890 and 1910 all Southern states passed laws imposing requirements for voting that were used to prevent blacks from voting, in spite of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which had been designed to protect black voting rights. These requirements included the ability to read and write, which disqualified the many blacks who had not had access to education property ownership, something few blacks were able to acquire and paying a toll tax, which was too great a burden on most Southern Blacks, who were very poor. Because blacks could not vote, they were virtually powerless to prevent whites from segregating all aspects of Southern life.Blacks fought against discrimination whenever possible. In the ... ...d a struggle without end, as black citizens sought education, employment, respect, and freedom in a discriminatory society. The history of African Americans in this country is one of tragedy and violence, but it is also one of courage and strength, filled with determination and hope.BibliographyCivil Rights. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 04 June 2013. .Montgomery Bus ostracize (1955-1956). Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956). The Martin Luther King Jr Research and Education Institute, n.d. Web. 04 June 2013. .Wilson, Louis. Taking on Segregation. The Americans. By Gerald Danzer. N.p. McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin, 2006. 701. Print.

An Essay on Chan -- essays research papers

An Essay Answering Questions From the Assigned Text by FaureThis canvass will attempt to answer questions coming from the Bernard Faure text assigned in class. The questions are as follows How does Hu Shihs approach to Chan differ from D.T. Suzukis? Why was the knowledge of the Japanese on Zen not objective? What does Faure mean by the teleological fallacy? What does he mean by the two alternative approaches he suggests structural analysis and hermeneutics?How does Hu Shihs approach to Chan differ form D.T. Suzukis? To answer this we must first recognize that Hu Shih emphasizes the historicism of Chan, meaning he places great wideness on the historical aspect, while Suzuki aligns himself with the metaphysics aspect. Suzuki states that there are two kinds of people who can talk round Zen The first(Suzuki), which is one who has a firm custody on the concepts and greatly understands Zen, the other(Hu Shih), someone who is utterly unable to grab the concepts. Suzuki states that Hu Shih may know Zen historically, but that he does not actually know Zen. Suzuki says about Hu Shih that it is not a historians business not talk about Zen. Hu argues that a historic approach to Zen cannot be reduced to the circumstances of its emergence and how it transmits its home of departure into a means to understand itself and others. Since Hu Shih is from the academic world, his approach to Zen is more factual, while ...

Computers and Firefighting :: Firefighters Computers Technology Essays

Computers and Firefighting It seems that the advances of today are moving far more rapidly than mountain have incessantly thought ab out(p). The only question is that how much farther can we go in the advancement of computer technology to support people. one(a) of the ways to support people is in the area of Firefighting. In this field the firemen with help of computers is allowed to help civilians when they are in need. The job of now is becoming a little safer to do because of newly advances by computers in the firefighting field. Three important ways computers have contributed is in the ways firemen can refine their own ain knowledge of the job, personal protective equipment (PPE), and one of the tools invented to locate people. The topic for computer advancement, is of a field that is one of the most critical services given to people. wherefore? It is one of most demanding jobs because of what the fireman actually does. In most senses his or her job is not to only fi ght fires, but also to search out for life within the fire, administer aid if needed, along with the searching for clues to what might have been the cause for the accident or blaze. The Fireman combines the work ethic of not only his or her job, but along with knowledge of a nurse and police officer. True, he or she does not always play a section on the other areas besides fighting fires, but they have to be able to pick-up where ever they are needed in whatever role. In effectuate to broaden the knowledge of the firemen, it is most commonly done through new types of studying and training. A firemen can take lessons of a CD with help of a computer, and run simulations on their own to refine and expand their own personal abilities as a fireman. Now all they have to do it go to a computer and learn what they need to know, at times even through interactive lessons, instead of using the old method of reading textbooks, magazines, journals, or where ever else the information lies for t hem to find. In the area of the firemens own personal protective equipment, it too has be advanced because of computers. Twenty-five years ago, the turnout gear indistinct by firefighters was used to keep the firefighter from getting wet mainly then with the introduction of Nomex, which was a self-extinguishing man-made material, then came Gortex and PBI.

Should Trade Sanctions Be Stopped Essays -- essays research papers fc

SHOULD ALL TRADE SANCTIONS BE STOPPED?To most of the world, sanctions ar a mixed blessing. On the one hand, they reinforce guile rules and promote respect for them. On the some other hand, they tend to undermine the principles of free trade and provoke a kind of trade envy(Charnovitz) in other international organizations.Trade retaliation goes back quite a ways we see examples of it in much of US law-Antidumping Act of 1916, which has seen little use.(Charnovitz)-external drudge Organization, from the Treaty of Versailles 1919, which served as an international dispute system, just now no economic measures were ever recommended until 2000, against Burma.(Charnovitz)-UN Security Council, which handles breaches of peace, only used sanctions 3 times between 1920-1990, but now uses them much more frequently.(Charnovitz)To understand the difficulty I have agreeing with the suggestion that all trade sanctions must be stopped, I feel it is of import to discuss some of the good, the ba d, and the ugly involved with imposing sanctions. Ill start my discussion with some of the good that comes from restricting trade, move into some of the negative affects, and add with improvements I feel could be made to this defunct system.The first advantage that comes to mind about imposing trade sanctions would have to be the ability of the sanctioning government to let everyone know how pissed they are, make their own people relatively happy, and then move on. Although this may only be temporary.(Charnovitz)Individual countries, especially major world powers, like to impose trade sanctions even when the probability of forcing a change in the target countrys policy is small. In addition to indicating a resolution and suggesting their disapproval to the direct wrong doer and to other countries, politicians may also want to pose for their own people.(Library of economic science) If you look at the example of the US, European, and British sanctions against South Africa as well as US, European, and Japanese sanctions against China in the wake of the Tiananmen Square massacre, you can see that these were specifically intentional to put their own citizens at ease, to make a moral and historical statement, and to send a warning to f... ...t be a common ground. There are different circumstances for every case brought forth, some where sanctions seem to be the only course of action, and some where they seem to be the worst course of action. We pauperism to learn how to take this effective bargaining tool, and use it to better our global trading community.BIBLIOGRAPHYChanovitz, Steve Rethinking WTO Trade Sanctions Social Science Research Networkhttp//papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=256952Elliott, Kimberly Evidence on the Costs and Benefits of Economic Sanctions Institute for International Economicshttp//www.iie.com/publications/papers/elliott1097.htmLibrary of Economics Lookup = Sanctionshttp//www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Sanctions.htmlSchooland, Ken International Trade and Finance HPU Economics 3400, Lecture/Video on Panama.Weiss, Stanley A. Trade Sanctions are a Misused Tool International Herald Tribune Saturday, June 26, 1999Yang, Jaiwan Teegan, Hildy Both are Associate Professors for the Department of International Business at George Washington University US Economic Sanctions and Globalization Economic Impact and Policy Implicationshttp//www.gwu.edu

The History of Cantonese and Putonghua Essay -- Chinese History, Chine

The varieties of ChineseAccording to Bernard Comrie (1990 83), thither are more than 1,000,000,000 people are speakers of some form of Chinese. By seeing this figure, Chinese should have appeared long enough for its evolution and let it spread to different areas in which Chinese or its form support become the dominant language. The dividing line of Chinese is studied through bone and tortoise shell inscription because the earliest records were marked on them in around 1300B.C. (Chou Fa- Kao 19861) They are the earliest recorded founded that can be used for analysis, the development of Chinese is also base on these findings. Chinese is one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages. It is verbalise that there are seven major languages in Chinese languages (Joseph 20047) . They are Cantonese (Yue), Fukiense (min), Gan, Hakka, hunanese (Hsiang), Mandarin, and Wu. Basically, there are three stages in the development of the Chinese language. They are Old Chinese, Middle Chine se and Modern Chinese . For all(prenominal) stage, it can be further divided into different intervals (Fig 1). Within different intervals, varieties mentioned above occur. However may be some of the bones and tortoise shells were not dead preserved that inadequate information was available for analysis, there is discrepancy between different references concerning time and therefore no exact boundary could be do between each development stage. There is only a rough estimation made by those who studied the history of Chinese Language. Besides, Joseph (200416) also said that due to the lack of data, most descriptions of family relationship among Chinese languages are based on impression.There was a long story of the historical development of the Chinese Lang... ...ing object, noun adverb, etc, these elements in fact are being placed in different position in a sentence in Cantonese and Putonghua. As mentioned in the mo part, they get different order in a sentence. Also, even the sa me symbol are used, the vocabularies is different from each other in certain extend. Therefore, I consider this grammatical difference attribute to their mutual unintelligibility.As we know, there is no exact answer on how to classify Cantonese and Putonghua, whether they are languages or dialects. When we discussing this problem, there are actually things depend on what extent. To what extent is the size large enough? To what extent is the status is high enough to be a prestigious one? These all depend on which angle we consider. Base on the points mentioned so far, I would consider Cantonese and Putonghua as languages instead of dialects.

The History of Cantonese and Putonghua Essay -- Chinese History, Chine

The varieties of ChineseAccording to Bernard Comrie (1990 83), at that place are more than 1,000,000,000 people are speakers of some form of Chinese. By seeing this figure, Chinese should have appeared long enough for its evolution and let it spread to different areas in which Chinese or its form nominate become the dominant language. The melodic phrase of Chinese is studied through bone and tortoise shell inscription because the earliest records were marked on them in around 1300B.C. (Chou Fa- Kao 19861) They are the earliest recorded founded that can be used for analysis, the development of Chinese is also base on these findings. Chinese is one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages. It is verbalize that there are seven major languages in Chinese languages (Joseph 20047) . They are Cantonese (Yue), Fukiense (min), Gan, Hakka, hunanese (Hsiang), Mandarin, and Wu. Basically, there are three stages in the development of the Chinese language. They are Old Chinese, Mid dle Chinese and Modern Chinese . For severally stage, it can be further divided into different intervals (Fig 1). Within different intervals, varieties mentioned above occur. However may be some of the bones and tortoise shells were not short preserved that inadequate information was available for analysis, there is discrepancy between different references concerning time and therefore no exact boundary could be make between each development stage. There is only a rough estimation made by those who studied the history of Chinese Language. Besides, Joseph (200416) also said that due to the lack of data, most descriptions of family relationship among Chinese languages are based on impression.There was a long story of the historical development of the Chinese Lang... ...ing object, noun adverb, etc, these elements in fact are being placed in different position in a sentence in Cantonese and Putonghua. As mentioned in the imprimatur part, they get different order in a sentence. Also , even the same symbol are used, the vocabularies is different from each other in certain extend. Therefore, I consider this grammatical difference attribute to their mutual unintelligibility.As we know, there is no exact answer on how to classify Cantonese and Putonghua, whether they are languages or dialects. When we discussing this problem, there are actually things depend on what extent. To what extent is the size large enough? To what extent is the status is high enough to be a reputable one? These all depend on which angle we consider. Base on the points mentioned so far, I would consider Cantonese and Putonghua as languages instead of dialects.

Gandhian Values

Gandhian Values and its Relevance to me as a Future Leader Ajay Dixit (10BEC1007) Amidst the atmosphere of tension, violence, differences of opinion, unemployment and pompousness globally, today the question is being raised again and again about the relevance of Gandhian philosophical system which is based on truth and non-violence. Anyhow, most of the battalion who oppose Gandhis thoughts unfortunately argon Indians and not foreigners. These people did not feel the relevance of Gandhian thoughts even when he was alive. This feeling of disagreement with Gandhian philosophy resulted in his assassination.Society is going through a degraded phase which should be revoked so that humanity sustains in this world for centuries. Today when we atomic number 18 surrounded by the forces of darkness, we lease a leader the likes of Gandhi, a man of rare courage, character, and charisma, who dares to tell the truth, who can overcome violence with nonviolence, and who shows us the way to li ght. Gandhi and his twin principles of satya (truth) and ahimsa (nonviolence) are more pertinent today than any other time in human history, and the Gandhian style of satyagraha seems to be the only male and pragmatic, moral like of state of war in these troubled times.Gandhi not only said hardly showed us the way that, nonviolence is infinitely superior to violence, and the soul-force is far more potent than the brute-force. Gandhi was in favour of using the thoughts against the arms and not the arms against the arms, to fight injustice and inequality. He gave an armament to the humanity in which there was no need to raise arms or make enemies. He believed in changing the rescript with his thoughts and not with the power or force.After the heavy destruction of property and lives in the World War II, when there was no good in the war, at last in 1945, the fall in Nations Organisation made declaration according to the thoughts of Gandhi. That was, war is no solution to any pr oblem so all problems should be solved through mutual discussions. All the members of the UNO signed this peace proposal. President of United States, Obama, has been inspired by Mahatma Gandhi. Obama has fixed a portrait of Mahatma Gandhi in his office, where he is seen conveying the message of peace.Obama is impressed with those great philosophies of Gandhi in which Gandhi inspired the world society to face the crushing policies with peaceful ones. Obama accepts Gandhi as his idol and took inspiration from the picture of Gandhi in his office. He says that this picture of Gandhi always reminds him that true results dont come from Washington but from the public. Obama says that Gandhi was to select an alternative while copting India free from the British rule, & he selected courage in place of fear.Obama, who talks of the Great change in the world & finds solution of the problems while following the path of nonviolence, is feeling the relevance of Gandhian ideals in this age of viol ence & terrorism. Gandhi being a worshipper of non-violence clearly tacit that violence is no solution for any problem. As the terrorism and violence are wide airing in the world today, there seems relevance of Gandhian principles everywhere. roughly all the countries of the world including America are facing the severest economic recession since World War II. Gandhiji was against the big industries and was worried about the increasing industrialization.He used to roar the set up of industrialization as satanic set up. Gandhi was of the opinion that the industrialization set up was based on the exploitation of man by man. The inequality will increase in the industrialization set up and there cannot be justice. Today the increasing unemployment in India and more industrialization has reminded the relevance of Gandhian thoughts. Including India in so many countries today, small scale industries, cottage industries and industries run by the workers are lying shut and the persons invo lved in such industries have been badly affected.Where ever such industries are running the poor labourers, common man and the worker groups are hardly able to make both(prenominal) ends meet. Gandhiji always considered the welfare of the poor as the centre of the war of independence. I think the best way to better our children on Gandhian methods would be to exempt the reasons for violence in the world, which is intolerance of people that look/speak/behave differently from us. Educating them about the oneness of all humans, regardless of race and religious diversity. Also, we should educate our children about the real message of world religions, and explain how religion has een historically (and is currently being) exploited for selfish political and terrorist agendas. Today, people who are active in politics, mainly have the motive of gains by getting political power. The so said political leader should have got power for social service or issues for development & progress or for eradication of illiteracy & unemployment, for providing health services or for giving basic amenities like roads, electricity and water. For these, they should go among the voters & get support for the works done by them. Exactly opposite, now there are attempts to get the power as fruit without doing any labour.The result of this shortcut toleration is that communalism and corruption is flourishing throughout India. Many other countries of the world are also feeling the heat of communalism & casteism. At some places, communal riots are instigated just for communal polarisation and thus to make easy & early way to power. At some places, differences of language, caste & creed are spread. At present, some particularize minded leaders of a particular state who are also heading regional political parties in India are using narrow thoughts to spread hatred against North Indians.It is not a type of work, labour or action but a simple trial to get the result or fruit of power. Such p eople leave policies, principles & even humanity. They dont hesitate to take decisions of the lowest level just to get the wicked motives. Gandhi never took decisions on the basis of majority. He looked all the communities equally may be the Hindus, the Muslims, the Sikhs or the Christians or any other. His valuable wealth was his thoughts of peace, love, harmony, truth & non-violence.But the people, whose politics was based on communalism, perhaps didnt like his policy of communal harmony. In the end, a fundamentalist Hindu shot him. But after his sacrifice, his thoughts became more popular. May be that, critics of that great soul are more in number in India but every visitor to India from a foreign country who may be a head of the country, wage a visit to Rajghat & pay obituary. Today, all over the world, where there are peace marches, all remember Gandhi. So there is no gainsaying that the thoughts of Gandhi are relevant even at present & would remain forever.

Khaled Hosseini Essay

A single event can shape the rest of a lifetime. Redemption is a way that makes up for the give birth of the guilt. The Kite Runner is very much a novel of redemption. The main character, emir, has to find a way to fork out himself after having betrayed Hassan. Sanaubar, likewise, must find redemption. Baba resolves his outgoing guilty by doing good deeds First, amir redeems himself by steps into courage and rescues the son of his brother Hassan Redemption is the act of saying or world saved from sin, error or evil, which the main character Amir seems to need the most.Amir lives with the guilt he has built up over the years because of virtuoso incident from his childhood. Amirs suffers words still echo through his head A boy who wont al-Qaida up for himself becomes a man who cant stand up to anything. Pg (24). Although Amir destroyed the lives of many people, and he has had more than one opportunity to redeem himself of his guilt, he is not the selfish little boy he once wa s. Before Amir can go on the road to redemption, Amir must realize that he cant go back and change what he has done as a child, and he must find interior(a) peace.Although if it was not for Amirs actions as a child, Sohrab never would have needed to be saved in the first place but by saving Sohrab, the last piece of Hassans life, does make a difference. From the moment he chose to turn his back on Hassan, there were many chances where Theres a way to be good again (238). For all his wrongdoings, but he chose not to take any of these. Sohrab was his last and only chance for redemption. I have a wife in America, a theatre, a career and a family.But how could I pack up and go back home when my actions may have cost Hassan a chance at those very same things? And what Rahim Khan revealed to me changed things. Made me see how my entire life, long before the pass of 1975, dating back to when that singing Hazara woman was still nursing me, had been a cycle of lies betrayals and secrets ( 238). Amir lastly became the man who stood up for himself and his sins. Throughout his childhood, Amir looked for his fathers affection and he never could get it. His father had said Im telling you, Rahim, there is something missing in that boy (24).Amirs father would have been proud of him at this very moment because that was all he had wanted from him. The guilt that was built over the years was finally put to rest at the safety of Sohrab. In Afghanistan when Amir stood up for Sohrab and Assef aggressively beat him up, Amir had said My body was broken just how bad I wouldnt find out until later but I felt healed. Healed at last. I laughed. (289) which showed Amir had come to terms with what he had done as a child and was finally felt relieved.Although he was getting beat up, it did not matter anymore, he just wished he had stood up to Assef years ago, and maybe he would have earned his redemption in that alley. Second, In the novel Baba Seeks redemption by treating Hassan well a nd always remembering his birthday. Amir and Baba were planting tulips, when Amir had asked Baba if hed ever consider getting new servants And Baba said Hassans not going anywhere, hed barked. Hes staying right here with us, where he belongs. This is his home and were his family. He had wept, wept, when Ali announced he and Hassan were leaving us. (237).

Design and Organisation of Management Essay

My course constitute is based on textile spinning that how should a managing director playress with each step he gives. In textile spinning the graphic symbol of a manager is tot all toldy different than in the book of management. Here the managers accept to deal with everything which is possible.Director RoleDesigning and organizingDesigning is creating the organisational structure so that work can be efficiently and effectively allocated to different departments and work units. Those work units ar Strategy Structure People Rewards ProcessesIn textile, there ar five conductors. And on those five directors the vizor director is the managing director. He passes the orders of what should be done and what shouldnt be done. As being a managing director, he has four directors, working in four different departments. And these four directors tell the managing director how well the company is going on.The four directors ar Director of Marketing Director of Finance Director of Ope rations Director of Human ResourceThe director of marketing The director of marketing is the one who market his product in the market. At first he should afflict to target thoroughlyish customers from the market who argon well jazzn or at least who will buy the product s impoverishedly but often. The director of marketing should market the product in a all-encompassing range of market where the competition is low and with good quality to maintain and gain more customers so that it would help the company bring aboutwider. Other than this the director of marketing should find out more of the other market where his goods and services can be sold in a good price and make the company go into higher profit.The formal pattern of interactions and coordination designed by the management to cerebrate the tasks of individuals and groups in achieving organization goals.At the organisational level, dividing jobs among organizational members is called departmentation. Making departments mak e it easy to do work by distributing the work. As the cash going and coming would go to the accounts and finance department, selling products would go to the sales department, and handling employees and hiring new employees would go to human resource department.Distributing jobs into department make the job easy for the managing director help the company do well. And it has advantages as well.The advantages of distributing jobs ar Efficient use of resources. In-dept specialization and acquirement development. Career progression within departments. Excellent coordination within a function. High quality technical problem solving. overall direction from top management.The disadvantages of the functional structure Poor communication across functional departments. Poor coordination leads to slow response to external changes. Decision concentrated at the top of the hierarchy, creating delay. Responsibility for problems difficult to pinpoint. Employees arouse a limited view of the org anisation. Limited opportunity for development of general management skills.Producer Role workings productivelyThe producers role is to work productively, adopting a productive environment, and managing stress and time. It is because, in textile if the products quality and quantity is low, the purchaser would either returns the goods or pays the lower amount. If the quality or the quantity of cotton yarn is low than the buyer of the cotton yarn will develop low profits. So the producers role is to maintain the quality of the product and the quantity of the product.Peak performersThe producer should be Result oriented Personal kick Self management Team mastery Coping with changeI agree with this, as in the producer should be aware of these things to satisfy the top management and the customers.Optimal cognitive processThe producer should be Setting goals Being engaged Being hypersensitive Enjoying the experiencePersonal motiveExtrinsic Motivation these are the forces that are e xternal to personIntrinsic motivation these are the forces which are internal forces that are generated by the individual him or herself.They should adopt a productive environment in Pay and benefits Opportunities subcontract security Pride in company Openness/fairness Camaraderie/friendlinessThis has to be presumption to the producer because they are the one who have a role in productivity. Otherwise they would decrease the quality and the quantity of the product. Quantity counts in textile because of the weighting of the cotton yarn. And quality counts because of the strength.Pay and benefits The pay and benefits for the producer should be given according to his know how because in this field one small mistake leads to a big one.Opportunities The opportunities is given all the time, but mostly the cotton bales are not in good quality, so it is the producers job to make it into a good quality for the customers.Job Security The job security should be given after the effort has be en shown by the producer.Coordinator roleCoordinators Role is Managing proposes Designing full treatment Managing across functionsCoordinator role is concerned with the efficient flow of work, leading to continuity and stability.This requires the responsibility to see that the right people are at the right dwelling house at the right time to perform the right task.Coordinator should be responsible for overseeing change, lines of authority, ever changing tasks, and cross functional activities.This competence is considered under two headings go out planning Project monitoringManaging projects involvesProject monitoring Tracking progress. Comparing actual results to predict. Analysing the impact of the actual results. Making adjustments to the plans.Coordinator should work with the project so that the project should meet the deadlines, but also the budget, the project manager is concerned with two types of information The amount of money budgeted for the work to be performed vers us the actual cost of do the work. The budget cost of work performed versus the budgeted cost of work scheduled.Designing WorkThe coordinator should decide that whether more traditional and specialised work designs are preferred or to opt for work designs that give employees greater responsibility and greater autonomy. This decision is influenced by the technology required, the changing of the environment (in which the decision should be made quickly), and the link to the external customers.The coordinator should know the behavioural approach toward everyone. Behavioural approach should be towards the top management, middle management and the lower management. The behaviour could cost the coordinator lose his job.Job Design Strategies Job Enlargement Job Enrichment Job rotation Em effectmentJob EnlargementJob enlargement is the opposite to the task of specialisationThis increases the skill mannikin and task identity by redesigning the job to increase the number of task that the em ployee performs. This could be criticised because the work may not be challenging comparison to one task. This could increase the ability to complete a whole piece of work.Job EnrichmentExcept for increasing the variety, job enrichment increases the responsibility, decision making and feed choke off in the employees work and enhances the nature of the job relation with managers, company worker and clients.Job RotationJob rotation helps the employees to increase their skills by allowing individuals to shift among the variety of tasks. This increases the understanding of the different jobs and their interdependencies. It can be used to reduce the boredom.EmpowermentWhen employees are given the opportunity to inherit both thinking and doing the tasks, they will have more control over that how the work is been done, organised and controlled. This helps them to develop the ownership for the whole process, they would find the work more interesting and challenging and they will try to ma ke the work more efficient.Monitor RoleThe next role we turn to is the monitor role. On the face of it this role appears less interesting than others in the competing values framework. Monitoring connotes the watchful and intrusive gaze of the bureaucrat or the snooping supervisor. Monitors sounds like people who get paid for catching others enjoying their work and putting a stop to it. Monitor may sound like controlling and nosy activity, but monitoring, in the way we describe it, is essential in maintaining high performance in both individuals and groups.The monitor function focuses the managers attention on the internal control issues. The monitor function is concerned with consolidating and creating continuity. These competencies are susceptibility 1 Managing Information through Critical Thinking.Competency 2 Managing Information Overload.Competency 3 Managing Core Processes.To help business distinguish amid activities that add value and things that do not, an expert on busines s strategy, purpose a model called a value chain. This value chain is a picture of all the activities a business uses to produce and deliver something its customers will value. There are five primary activities.The five primary activities involve the following Bringing materials or information into the organisation. Operating on them. Sending them out. Marketing them. Servicing them.The four supporting activities that surround these primary activities and help them operate more effectively are Firm Infrastructure. Human Resource Management. Technology Development. Procurement.The Broker RoleThis role falls into the open systems model which is the most modern model out of them all. This role is more of an external one and involves being adaptable, innovative and flexible. All the qualities above lead to continual adoption, innovation and the ability to maintain external resources.There are three competencies associated with this role Building and maintaining a power base Negotiating agreement and commitment Presenting ideasThe first competency in terms of business, power refers to the ability to make workers work and produce. They are able to exercise authority by using their power in the organization to get things done.There are four sources of power for the broker role position power which reflects status in a company. Personal power involves individual(prenominal) characteristics. Expert power involves expert sing in an area and involves specializing or being skilled in a specific field. Network power is to do with the tender chapter and information is from the people you know and trust.The stake competency is negotiating agreement and commitment. They must be able to balance these qualities not only formally but also informally. Negotiation can be pincer such as shift changes to discussing wages etc.Innovator RolesThe innovator role focuses on adaptability and responsiveness to the external environment. It involves the use of creativity and the manageme nt changes and transition, and it provides a unique opportunity for managers to affirm the value of individual employees within the organizational setting.The meaning of the innovator means, that they tend not to think in terms of large, make-up organizations. The three key competencies of the innovator areCompetency 1 Living with Change.Competency 2 Thinking inventively.Competency 3 managing change.Each of these competencies requires the manager to be flexible and open to new ideas, new ways of thinking, and new challenges that the managerial role presents.Competency 2 Thinking creativelyA very wide range of behavior and personality traits have been found to be associated with creative ability. A skill that each person can develop is a creative thinking.Creativity is was of thinking that involves the generation of new ideas and solutions. This is the process of associating known things or ideas into new combinations and relationships.People often underestimate their own creative ability. The difference between people who exhibit creative tendencies and people who dont personal belief in creativity.Vast arrays of techniques, often called creativity heuristics, ranging from use of analogies to mental imagery, are available to enhance creativity skills. The major difference between creative people and others is personal belief.The individual barriers frequently have an emotional basis. The barriers result from personal beliefs and fears associated with taking risk, trying out a new idea, or trying to convince others of the value of our new ideas.Developing Creative Thinking Skills1). Domain applicable skillsThe domain relevant skill is that the more the manager knows the more creative he can be. Creative relies on linking knowledge together.2). Creative Relevant SkillsThey know how to make people to associate previously unrelated concepts and to think differently.3). Task MotivationCreating an environment that is conductive to creativity.Competency 3 Managing ChangeThe existence is changing at a very high speed rate and so as the people and organization. And all the organizations are under pressure to change.Understanding underground to plan changeThe following changes usually provoke resistance Changes affecting knowledge and skill needs. Changes suggested associated with economic or status loss. Changes suggested by others. Changes involving risk. Changes that disrupt social relationships.The Mentor RoleThe mentor role might be called the concerned human role. This role reflects a caring, empathetic orientation. In this role a manager is expected to be helpful, considerate, sensitive, approachable, open, and fair. In acting out the role, the leader listens, supports legitimate requests, conveys appreciation, and give recognitions. This competency has been shown to be a key factor that differentiates successful managers from those who have detailed.Integrity, security, and self-acceptance increase the ability to practice empathy, the key skill in helping others to grow. Empathy involves truly putting yourself in the position of others and honestly trying to see the world as they see it.ReferencesCombe, Colin, An Introduction to E-Business Management and Strategy, 2006, Butterworth-Heinemann LtdAbraham H. Maslow Toward a Psychology of Being, D. Van Nostrand Company, (1968)Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 68-30757http//www.esight.org/view.cfm?x=1073http//www.ericdigests.org/1993/esteem.htm

Botany-Passive Transport Answers Essay

Substances necessary for normal growth and development of plants must continually be transported into cells while metabolic wastes must be eliminated so that they wont accumulate inside the cells. For instance, water as tumefy as mineral salts from the soil result enter root cells while carbon dioxide and oxygen through tiny pores known as stomata in leaves and lenticels in stem. Excess oxygen not utilized during cell respiration as well as oxygen produced during photosynthesis is released to the atmosphere. In most cases, movement of these substances is along a concentration gradient, that is, from regions of greater concentration to regions of less concentration. Such instance of transport is known as passive transport.Diffusion is a type of transport which is concerned with the movement of solute particles. deviation from concentration gradient, factors affecting the rate of diffusion include the temperature, size of diffusing molecules and presence of other molecules aside f rom the diffusing one. Osmosis, on the other hand, is another type of passive transport, which is involved in the movement of solvent (e.g. water) through a semi-permeable membrane. In osmosis, the presence of a differentially permeable membrane as well as differences in the concentration of the medium and the intracellular substance (i.e. cell sap) are factors to consider in determining the direction of water flow. (madel, dito gawa k ng visuals na puede,.. kung aong maisip mo di ko nga alam kung ano puede ndin ilgay . Ano kaya gagamitin ntin? Naka-acetate oh sa manila paper kaw n bhala..)Now the walls of these cells are made of a stuff a bit exchangeable a really fine netting that will let water through but not salt (a partially permiable membrane). Now water and salt favour being mixed together than seperated, and water will move through the cell wall towards whichever side is the saltiest, this is called osmosis.This means that because outside is saltier the water leaves the c ells, so the cells empty, and like a half full bag of water, go all floppy so the whole lettuce paging goes floppyNow if you put the leaf in clean water there are more salts in the leaf than in the water, so water will move back into the cells making them blunder up like balloons again and become all strong and rigid.So if you have some old limp Lettuce soaking it in water for a while for a while will make it go crisp again.-The leaf in the salt water would be dehydrated, as its internal osmotic pressure would make water from the leaf seep through the cellular membranes. -its osmosis. the cells in the leaf are permeable to water but not salt,so if you immerse the leaf in salt water the cell will absorb water trying to balance the osmotic pressure .if you put the leaf in fresh water the cells will dump water,the salt water will cause the cells to absorb too much water and they will burst,the fresh water leaf will dehydrate and wrinkle,i think i got it right but dont quote me. -You r talking about tonicity, the salt solution is hypertonic and would pull fluid from the plasmodesmata in the plant cellsthe plain water being relatively isotonic would have little loss of fluid depending on where you live in the country and if you used tap water or bottled. Its the same concept of cellular dehydration and water toxicity in human race cells.

Great Expectation Essay

Comp ar the filming techniques used in bump offs first meeting with drip Havisham with devil adaptations of Charles fiends enceinte ExpectationsThe two film clips that this essay will be based on, and comparing, is a reading by Julian Jarrold which appe atomic number 18d on TV screens in 1999 and a much older cinema appearance by David Lean from 1946. The first noticeable difference is that the sooner film is played in char and white and therefore has certain lighting limitations and, as a result of technological disadvantages, has limited television camera shot availability. However, there are a consequence of useful factors available for analysis.Both films attempt to build up a sense of mystery and increasing tension wholly the way through the scenes and the toil in hand is to focus in on all the different types of filming techniques used to do so. On the whole, the 1999 version is darker than the 1946 edition and this increases the tension factor. distributively sce ne takes us from Pip entering Miss Havishams room to when he leaves and incorporates all of the insults and belittling from Miss Havisham and Estella, although even this is played differently in the two films David Lean makes very obvious insults as though Estella is actually telling him he is lower than her yet in Jarrolds version Estella all insults Pip to Miss Havisham or to herself in an undertone.There are six main techniques used by each director which this essay will analyse, they are shot types and framing-how each camera shot affects the mood of the scene, camera angles and lens movement-how the camera is positioned and what bearing that has on the scene, editing, music and sound effects-the backing sounds and its effect on the viewer, costumes-what each actor is wearing and what it does for the characters personality/appearance, lighting and visual effects-how the light and dark areas of the screen portray different ideas.Firstly, there are a few similarities in the mids t of both scenes Shot types and framing/Camera angles and lens movements/Editing. The first is that both incorporate a long shot as Pip enters to show the huge room in front of him and show that this room truly is intimidating as Pip looks tiny compared to the huge absolved space ahead. Secondly, both films show Pips reaction as a close up shot after the insults from Estella, this gives the viewer a real sense of clemency for Pip and shows us what exactly is going through his mind at the time. The final similarity is as the plot of land of cards unfolds, both films fade into the game to show a passing of time and both use an complete close up to show us what is happening and, Miss Havisham is sat high-pitched on a chair in the middle, with Pip and Estella on the floor either side, with a medium shot, making Miss Havisham look very controlling and the children look almost patronised.The 1999 version has a lengthy amount of time when Pip is wondering around the room looking at certain objects, grammatical construction up mystery and tension, which Jarrold misses out and skips from Pip entering straight to his conversation with Miss Havisham. This added section has a mixture of medium close ups, close ups and extreme close ups, but all the way through the shots are positioned a bit higher than Pip so it gives the audience the idea that somebody has a watchful eye on him, and this, to a certain extent, is almost creepy, certainly builds up mystery and also borderlines on scary.For example, when Pip is walking past the dummies the camera is high up so it is as though the viewers are looking through Miss Havishams eyes. The other main camera uses are when Pip sees Miss Havisham in the mirror, she looks virtually ghost like and it is almost scary, but just before she appears, its looks again as though he is creation watched, and as Miss Havisham waves her arm to tell Pip to play, there is a close up of her arm to show her dominance and shortly after a close up of Pips face to show the confused reaction. This section of the scene is very clever camera work by Jarrold, and really does freak the audience out.Both films use shot types, framing, camera angles, lens movement and editing differently, but there a number of specific differences between the two. When the two films join back up, there are many different camera uses and consequences of much(prenominal). In the 1946 version, there is a long shot as Pip walks up to Miss Havisham and a medium close up as they talk to one-another and as Pip advances further, the camera moves in an arc to keep him and Miss Havisham on the picture at the same time. When they are closer, it allows an even closer shot than before of their faces and therefore portrays both expressions and the reactions to each others expressions individually.An addition to this version of Great Expectations is how the camera zooms in on a cobweb covered bible to show the lost faith of Miss Havisham, and explain to the aud ience that something terrible has happened earlier in her life to make her do so. A two shot of Miss Havisham and Pip is on screen, and, as Estella joins the camera slides horizontally to follow her in. As Estella whispers in Miss Havishams ear there is a two shot to portray Miss Havishams expression. When Miss Havisham asks Pip his opinion of Estella he is made to whisper it in her ear but as he does so there is a medium close up showing all three expressions at the same time, i.e.Pips horror as Miss Havisham tells Estella what he has just said and Estellas delight of hearing such approving words. As Pip approaches the gate to go home, there is another fade in to show more time has passed by. This can be compared with the 1999 version which has a much briefer conversation between Pip and Miss Havisham as much time is spent when Pip walks around, but, when Pip is whispering about Estella, the camera zooms in on Estellas face to show her reaction after being praised by Pip. Finally, when Pip and Miss Havisham are talking, there is a two shot of them to show each reaction as each person says something.

Union Movement in Late 19th Century

During 1870 through 1900 proles joined together responding to the power of their employers caused by the growth of industrialization. The worker did not always have the luxury of leaving by and by eight hours of work, the right to representation, or the even the right to work in a safe environment. The working people of nineteenth century America had to conjoin in struggle to achieve the gains that are much taken selfishly and taken for granted today. There were many successes and failures in organized labor the successes were often obtained through the loss of the worker, often through lost wages, jobs, or even death.The organization structure of the union during 1870 through 1900 went through different cycles and strategies to achieve what they wanted. whizz of the first effective regional organized unions was the Knights of toil formed in 1869. The knights took in not only skilled workers but also any worker that could be truly classified as a producer. The knights took thei r peek in 1885 when achieves against Union Pacific, S verbotenhwest System, and Wabash railroads attracted public sympathy and succeeded in preventing a reduction in wages, at this time they boasted a membership of 700,000. 1886 was a troubled year for labor relations.There were nearly 1,600 surpasss involving 600,000 workers, with the eight-hour day being the of the essence(p) item for any of the strikes. Failure of some of the strikes and internal conflicts between the skilled workers and the unskilled led to a decline in the Knights popularity and influence. Another organization called the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions created a constitution that other unions could adhere to. This constitution met in Pittsburgh on Nov. 15 1881 and was created by representatives of the cigar makers, the printers, the merchant seamen, steel workers, carpenters and local units of the Knights of Labor.One of the most important items in the constitution created by the FOTLU recom m deceaseed that the legal eight-hour work day be an objective for every union to achieve. The FOTLU thus accelerated a strong topic push for a shorter work week. The AFL grew from 140,000 in 1886 to nearly on million by 1900. With these strengths in numbers they often preferred striking over governmental action. The struggle for workers rights, wage increases and protests against wage cuts were often unsuccessful resulting in violence and death.Chicago workers were agitating for the eight-hour work day for months. On May 1st and second 1886 were eighty thousand workers went on strike, bringing most of Chicagos manufacturing to a standstill. On May 3rd a fight between hundreds of strikers and non-union replacements bust out. Chicago jurisprudence quickly moved in to restore order, leaving four unionists dead and many wounded. Angered by the deadly force of the police a group of anarchists called on workers to arm themselves and participate in the massive protest demonstration in Haymarket Square on May 4.Only 3,000 members assembled and started out peacefully until late evening when some atomic number 53 still not known to this day threw a bomb that killed seven policemen and injured 67 others. Even though no evidence was ever found about who threw the bomb four anarchists were found guilty and sentenced to death. Ever since the Haymarket square symbolized for radicals and trade unionists everywhere the injustice of a capitalistic society but also associated negatively unions as un-American, criminalistic, and violent. Many other activists died or received injuries for their cause all around the country.In July of 1877 strike riots halted the movement of U. S. railroads. After a few weeks of shutting down most of countries railroad system federal troops were sent in to try to end the nationwide strike. This resulted in more violence and death in Chicago for example federal troops killed 30 workers and wounded over 100. On June 14, 1877 in Pennsylvania ten coal-mining activists were hanged. October 1887 the Louisiana militia shot 35 unarmed black sugar workers striking to gain a dollar-per-day wage and lynched two strike leaders.1894 federal troops killed 34 American Railway Union members in Chicago attempting to break a strike. July 1892 three hundred Pinkerton guards helped introduce scabs into the workplace by opening fire on striking Carnegie mill steel workers, this resulted in the death of seven guards and eleven strikers. The idea of demonstrations was often to get the attention of instruction to show that they mean business and cant be pushed around so easily. New York garment workers won the right to unionize after a seven-month strike.They secured agreements for a closed shop, and firing of all scabs. Striking miners in Idaho dynamited the Frisco Mill. Leaving it to ruins, getting the attention they wanted. The popularity and growth of unions everywhere showed companies that they are not going to strait over their workers as easily as they did in the past. Although union demonstrations resulted in workers being injured, dead or fired they set the way for unions in the prospective to be successful in their endeavors.These demonstrations were successful in the fact that they showed management and companies that the American worker can unite and be heard as one voice rather than a mass of passive workers that would take any injustice given to them. It is to these unions that we owe many of the benefits and rights we see and use today, such as fighting injustices such as biases and discrimination, winning the right to representation and collective bargaining, and the right for education for every child.

Organizational Behavior and Management Essay

In viewing the Managers Hot Seat belonging(a) in Teams Cross-Functional, I was commensurate to distinguish the difference between the words team and teamwork. Team refers to a small chemical group of people with complementary skills, who work together to achieve a shared purpose and hold themselves mutually accountable for performance results ( Schermerhorm,2011). In this video, yes there was team that consisted of Rosa Denson, Cheng Jing, Simon Mahoney and Joe Tanney who plays the role of team leader for an assigned high school priority project.Working in teams is essential in this age of rapidly changing technology, market-driven decision making, customer sophistication, and employee restlessness, as leaders and managers are faced with in the buff challenges . Organizations must build new structures and master new skills in order to compete and survive. And in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness, a group safari is required as it reads in the article MindTools.In the video, the members work in the same organization but at different departmental levels with different fellowship and skills. How these people interact and relate to one another is a key factor in determining how successful the team will be at achieving its mission The group is made up of cross functional team members where there is input from people with a mixture of gender, speed, age and ethnicity. It pot be difficult managing a group like this because there are individual differences amongst each member.People vary among the layers of diversity 1) person-to-personity, which is unique to every individual, 2) internal dimensions which is race and age, 3) external dimensions which includes religion and marital status and 4) organisational dimensions such as job title(McGraw Hill, 2007) These factors are likely to influence interpersonal relationships and the ability to work with others. Working together is part of many organizations that believe that by practicing teamwork sk ills can help produce better products and provide better services, faster and at a glare cost.However, there was no evidence of teamwork in this video. There was no defined process of people working together to accomplish a common goal, which is the comment of teamwork. Instead there was a group of knowledgeable people, who did not want responsibility and had no initiative for such project. In fact, Tuckmans group study instance should have been added to the agenda as a refresher course for all members. Schermerhorn defines Tuckmans development model in stages.Stage 1 of the model is forming, and this was evident in the beginning of the meeting with the initial formation of the group discussing where tasks are understood by members and resources and information that delegated by the leader, in this case Joe. unless it wasnt long into the meeting where storming was evident. Individuals began to question and challenge the given task. Members disagree on the goal of the team and r esist the given task. At this point personal to emotional excuses began to surface. I do not think I witnessed the rest of the stages, except the adjourning part.There was no norming stage where the team moves toward harmonious working practices where there is agreement. In fact, Joe the acting leader had to assign different tasks according to his perception of each one. And there was no performing stage displaying functional, interdependent roles that were focused on the performance of the group tasks among the members. In fact, group cohesiveness was not evident, with everyone having an agenda of their own, the interaction and motivation between them was very low. The cohesiveness that should have bonded the small group together and come up with solutions for the problem was not evident.The book states that in order for effective teams to thrive these factors need to be established and be in place achieve and economise high levels of task performance achieve and maintain high lev els of member satisfaction and retain viability for the future (Schermerhorn, 2011) . With this said, the benefits of effective work teams within an organization are very considerable, and it takes a lot of hard work and dedication on the part of management and team members to develop, implement and maintain effective work teams.I believe that the team in the video is not team, but rather a group of people discussing an organizations project base on the fact that there was no commitment to the task at hand. Every member in an organization has a task to do. These roles are the anticipate behaviors for a given position in an organization. Sometimes roles can disrupt group progress and weaken its cohesion. For example, Rosa demonstrated role conflict when she regard her personal life with her job. She was a self-confessor, disclosing personal feelings and issues.Simon was the opinion giver, expressing his own personal opinions as to why such project has not worked before without off ering solutions. Simon can also be labeled a blocker. Joe was the initiator or contributor to the team. He would propose new ideas of getting the project completed by decision solutions to the problems the rest of the team members would come up with. The creation of teams has become a key strategy in many organizations. Team building is an essential subdivision in supporting and improving the effectiveness of small groups and task forces and must be a key part of a total program of organizational change.

Extraction and Evaporation Recrystallization Essay

1. To the helpings of a simulated pharmaceutical preparation, Panacetin, and identifying the mystic component of the potpourri done extraction and disengagement methods.2. To learn how to purify by recrystallization, how to dry them and how to obtain a melting point. premeditation ACETANILIDE AND PHENACETIN ARE EYE AND SKIN IRRITANTS. Minimize pertain with your unknown compound.THEORYIn this experiment, Panacetin, a pharmaceutical preparation will be separated from its components by making use of their solubilities and sultry-base properties. Panacetin contains acetylsalicylic acid, saccharose and an unknown component that may be either phenylacetamide or acetophenetidin. Of the three components, only saccharose is weewee-insoluble in the organic solvent dichloromethane (CH2Cl2 or methylene chloride). The insoluble sucrose brook be get acrossed out if Panacetin is dissolved completely in dichloromethane by gravity filtration or centrifugation loss the soluble aspirin, ac etanilide and phenacetin in the ascendent.Although the acetanilide and aspirin argon both quite insoluble in water at room temperature, the atomic number 11 salt of aspirin is very soluble in water but insoluble in dichloromethane. Aspirin, which is a strong acid stack be converted to the salt, sodium acetylsalicylate by extraction with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate . This salt will move from the dichloromethane grade, in which it is insoluble, to the aqueous layer, in which it is soluble. The unknown component will stay behind in the solutionand can be isolated by evaporating the solvent from the dichloromethane solution. Adding HCl to the aqueous solution restores aspirin as an insoluble white solid.In the third experiment, the identity of the unknown component of Panacetin will be purified. Purification is necessary be capture the separation procedure may be imperfect leaving traces of small quantities in the compound after separation or chemical reactions may oc cur prior to or during the separation adding new impurities. The unknown component can be purified by recrystallization, in which an impure solid dissolves in a hot (usually boiling) solvent then crystallizes from the cooled solution in a purer form.METHODS/PROCEDURESThis experiment was fol downhearteded from the textbook on pages 52-53 for experiment 2 and 59-60 for experiment 3 excluding the microscale part. First, weigh approximately 3.00 g of Panacetin and transfer it to a clean, dry 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Add 50 ml of dichloromethane to the flask , spatter the medley with a inhalation rod to break up every lumps. When it appears that no more of the solid will dissolve, tense up the mixture by gravity. Collect the undissolved solid on the come home paper and set it divagation to dry. Once it has completely dried, reweigh the solid. This compound separated by gravityfiltration is known as sucrose.Next, transfer the dribble to a separatory funnel and extract it with two 3 0 ml portions of 5% sodium bicarbonate . For distributively extraction, use a stirring rod to stir the liquid layer until any fizzing subsides forrader a stopper is placed on the funnel and shaken. dichloromethane will be on the seam layer and will be drained to a different container. Transfer the dichloromethane layer linchpin into the funnel for the second extraction. The upper layer will be transferred in an Erlenmeyer flask and will be used for rec all overy of acetanilide. Combine the two aqueous solutions in the same container and acidify slowly with 6M HCL to run it to a pH of 2. Cool the mixture to room temperature or below while swirling the flask once in a while in an ice bath. Collect the aspirin by vacuum filtration. Wash the aspirin on the filter with cold distilled water. Dry the sample thoroughly before weighing and leave it in the hood for the adjacent lab schedule.Before proceeding to recrystallization, triturate the compound with 20 ml of hexane. Crush the s olid with a stirring rod and filter. Recrystallize the unknown drug component from experiment 2 by boiling it with just comme il faut water to dissolve it completely, then letting it cool to room temperature then to 0 C. In coiffure to induce crystallization, it would be helpful to scratch the walls of the flask so that crystals would have a surface to get hold of to. Use vacuum filtration to isolate the sample then dry the product to a constant hole and weigh in a tared vial.Grind a small get along of the dry unknown component to a fine powder on a respect glass using a spatula. rive the solid into four pertain portions. Combine portions 1 and 2. Mix portion 3 with an approximately equal amount of finely ground acetanilide and mix portion 4 with an approximately equal amount of finely ground phenacetin. Obtain the melting point ranges of the purified unknown (portions 1 and 2), mixture with acetanilide and mixture with phenacetin. Each melting point should be measured on tw o samples- more than that if melting points are imprecise or accurate.Safety Issues (all of these are taken from MSDSonline.com)1. AcetanilidePotential Acute make unsteady in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. middling hazardous in case of skin contact(irritant).Potential Chronic Health cause Hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. S go downly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant).2. PhenacetinEye and skin irritant3. DichloromethanePotential Health Effects dreamCauses fury to respiratory tract. Has a strong narcotic gist with symptoms of mental confusion, light-headedness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and headache. Causes formation of carbon monoxide in blood which affects cardiovascular system and central noi both(prenominal) system. Continued exposure may build increased light-headedness, staggering, unconsciousness, and even death. Exposure may make the symptoms of angina pectoris (chest pains) worse. use ma y cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract with vomiting. If vomiting results in aspiration, chemical pneumonia could follow. submersion through with(predicate) gastrointestinal tract may produce symptoms of central nervous system depression ranging from light headedness to unconsciousness.Skin takeCauses irritation, redness and pain. Prolonged contact can cause burns. Liquid degreases the skin. May be absorbed through skin.Eye miteVapors can cause eye irritation. Contact can produce pain, inflammation andtemporal eye damage.Chronic ExposureCan cause headache, mental confusion, depression, colored effects, kidney effects, bronchitis, loss of appetite, nausea, lack of balance, and visual disturbances. Can cause dermatitis upon prolonged skin contact. Methylene chloride may cause cancer in humans. Aggravation of Pre-existing ConditionsPersons with pre-existing skin disorders, eye problems, impaired colorful, kidney, respiratory or cardiovascular function may be more suscep tible to the effects of this substance.4. AspirinEye ContactModerate Eye Irritation Signs/symptoms may include redness, swelling, pain, tearing, and blurred or hazy vision. Skin ContactModerate Skin Irritation Signs/symptoms may include localized redness, swelling, itching, and dryness. May be absorbed through skin and cause marker organ effects. InhalationNo health effects are expected.IngestionMay be foul if swallowed.Gastrointestinal Irritation Signs/symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. repeat ingestion may causeMay be absorbed following ingestion and cause target organ effects. Target Organ EffectsProlonged or repeated exposure may causeAuditory Effects Signs/symptoms may include hearing impairment, balance dysfunction and ringing in the ears. coagulation Disorders Signs/symptoms may include increased blood clotting time and internal bleeding (hemorrhage). Liver Effects Signs/symptoms may include loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, weakness, abdominal tenderness and jaundice.Central Nervous System (CNS) belief Signs/symptoms may include headache, dizziness, drowsiness, incoordination, nausea, slowed reaction time, slurredspeech, giddiness, and unconsciousness. Kidney Effects Signs/symptoms may include reduced or absorbed urine production, increased serum creatinine, lower back pain, increased protein in urine, and increased blood carbamide nitrogen (BUN). Pulmonary Edema Signs/symptoms may include chest discomfort, shortness of breath, significant cough with effervescent sputum production, bluish colored skin (cyanosis), increased heart rate, respiratory failure and may be fatal. Single exposure may causeImmunological Effects Signs/symptoms may include alterations in the hail of circulating immune cells, allergic skin and /or respiratory reaction, and changes in immune function.5. Sodium bicarbonateEMERGENCY OVERVIEWWarning May cause respiratory tract irritation. Causes eye and skin irritation. Target organs Blood , kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, skin.Potential Health EffectsEye Causes eye irritation.Skin Causes skin irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through the skin. Ingestion May be harmful if swallowed. Causes gastrointestinal tract irritation. Inhalation May cause respiratory tract irritation. May be harmful if inhaled. Chronic May cause liver and kidney damage. Adverse reproductive effects have been reported in animals. Laboratory experiments have resulted in mutagenic effects. Chronic exposure may cause blood effects.6. Hydrochloric AcidPOTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTSInhalation May cause irritation (possibly severe), chemical burns, and pulmonary edema.Skin contact May cause irritation (possibly severe) and chemical burns.Eye contact May cause irritation (possibly severe), chemical burns, eye damage, and blindness.Ingestion non a likely route of exposure.Target Organs Effected Respiratory System, Skin, EyeChronic Effects Repeated or prolonged exposure to dilute solutions may result in derm atitis. Discoloration of the dentition may occur as a result of long term exposure.Interaction with Other Chemicals Which farm Toxicity None known Medical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure None knownOBSERVATIONS/RESULTSIn Experiment 2, the extraction of substances from one another is based on the differences in their physical and chemical properties. Approximately, 3.0029 g of panacetin was weighed and completely dissolved in 50 ml of dichloromethane and filtered. The residue was left to dry and weighed (sucrose). therefore 30 ml of NaHCO3 was added to the filtrate. This solution was transferred into a separatory funnel. This formed two layers. Top layer was the organic layer (NaHCO3) described as a hap liquid. Bottom layer was the aqueous layer and was yellow in color. The filtrate was washed twice with NaHCO3. HCl was added to the aqueous solution until the pH equaled to 2.0. It was filtered through vacuum filtration and allowed to dry until the abutting weeks lab. This filtr ate is known as aspirin. Meanwhile, the unknown in the organic layer was in addition allowed to settle for the next experiment.In experiment 3, before we went to do recrystallization, we first did trituration of the unknown by adding 20 ml of hexane. We crushed the solid and filtered. Even with the addition of approximately 27 ml of boiling water into the compound, it started to dissolve. That was the first clue that we have acetanilide as our unknown. We went ahead and continue heating and swirling the solution over a hot plate. There was the formation of brown oil-like globules. We were then asked to decant the clear liquid from this solution. This clear liquid was allowed to cool to room temperature then to 0 C. There was formation of white crystals at the march on of the beaker. Through vacuum filtration, we were able to filter the product, weighed and used for melting point measurement of the unknown.The solid was divided up into 4 equal parts. First 2 parts were combined, 3 rd part was involved with acetanilide and the finis part was mixed with phenacetin. After taking the melting points of all these 3 substances we were able to identify the unknown product to be acetanilide.No big issues encountered during this experiment. Transferring some products as well as the final crystals from watch glass and filter paper and leaving some products were crucial to get the most final product. This explicates wherefore the percent recovery for the unknown was low. Some crystals fell off or didnt transfer to the filter paper. Even though the % recovery was relatively low (88.4079%), this experiment still produced a 0.6898 g of product. reciprocation/CONCLUSIONThis experiment was focused on two main objectives. First, the analysis of panacetin to find out what partings of sucrose, aspirin and the unknown component it contains. Second, to find out whether the unknown is acetanilide and phenacetin. A big part of the piece of writing of panacetin was made up of t he unknown. We were able to determine the composition of sucrose to be 17.95 %, Aspirin 26.93% and the unknown to be 55.12% After following the experiment procedures, we were able to purify through recrystallization the end product to be acetanilide. This is an inodorous white crystalline solid substance which has a melting point of 114 C. Our experimental value for acetanilides melting point was 117 which indicates that the result had a very narrow range and close to the books value. I would therefore conclude that we had isolated a close to pure product of acetanilide with microscopic impurities present.1. a. Describe any evidence that a chemical reaction occurred when you added 6 M HCl to the solution of sodium acetylsalicylateA chemical reaction took place upon the addition of 6M HCl to a solution of sodium acetylsalicylate because a come down formed known as aspirin.b. Explain why the changes that you observed took place.The observed change took place as a result of the acid reacting with the salt forming a compound insoluble in water.2. Describe any explain the possible effect on your results of the following experimental errors or variations. In all(prenominal) case, express the component (s) whose percentage(s) would be too high or too low.a. After adding dichloromethane to Panacetin, you didnt stir or shake the mixture long enoughImproper stirring or shaking of the mixture will result in incomplete dissolution of the panacetin mixture. There will be loss of some solid analytes during filtration. The recovered amounts will be lower than they should be leading to a final percentage to be low.b. During the NaHCO3 extraction you failed to mix the aqueous and organic layers thoroughly.If the aqueous and organic layers were not thoroughly mixed the acid would remain in the solution and the extraction would be less efficient resulting to a low percentage yield.c. You mistakenly extracted the dichloromethane solution with 5 % HCl ratherthan 5 % NaHCO3.If 5% HCl is used kinda of 5% NaHCO3 that would protonate the aspirin and keep it in the organic solution making the aspirin, acetylsalicyclic acid.d. Instead of using pH paper, you neutralized the sodium bicarbonate solution to pH 7 using litmus paperAt ph7 the bicarbonate wouldnt be able to act as a base and extract a proton because at pH of 7 it would protonate itself so it wouldnt be able to react with aspirin.5. Write a balanced reaction equations for the reactions involved a. When aspirin dissolves in aqueous NaHCO3C9H8O4 (aq) + NaHCO3 (aq) C9H7O4Na (aq) + CO2 + H2O Weak acid weak base Strong Base Strong acidb. When Aspirin is precipitated from a sodium acetylsalicylate solution by HCLC9H7O4Na + HCl - C9H8O4 + NaCl Strong Base Strong acid Weak Acid Weak Base presume that both reactions are spontaneous under the standard conditions, label the stronger acid, stronger base, weaker acid and weaker base in each equation.Experiment 31. a. What is the minimum volume of boiling water needed to dissolve 0.200 g of phenacetin?b. About how much phenacetin will remain dissolved when the water is cooledto room temperature?c. Calculate the maximum mass of solid (undissolved) phenacetin that can be recovered when the cooled solution is filtered.0.200 g-0.0125 g (amount soluble in cold water)= 0.1875 g2. An unknown compound X is one of the four compounds listed in table 3.2. A mixture of X with benzoic acid melts at 89 C, a mixture of X with phenyl succinate melts at 120 C and a mixture of X with m-aminophenol melts at 102 C. Give the identity of X and explain your reasoning.X is phenyl succinate.When a compound mixes with a different compound, the melting point of the mixture will be lower than the melting points of either of the pure compounds. Basing from the table, the melting point of pure benzoic acid is 121 C but when mixed to X, it went down to 89 C. Likewise with O-toluic acid and m-aminophenol. Since the melting point of mixture X with phenyl succinate has a melting point of 120 C, the melting point of pure X must be equal or closer to 121. Mixing X with phenyl succinate did not change the melting point gum olibanum X must be phenyl succinate.

Kant and the Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics

According to Kant metaphysics is the occupation of fountain with itself. In more cover wrong, it is the mind making logical connections between a priori concepts and coming to an objective truth thereby, with start reference to experience.1 The enquire posed by him in the Prolegomena is whether such an objective truth is at wholly realistic. The conclusion derived in the end is that there is and so such an objective truth, which is proceedinged d sensation pure reason. exactly every bit important in the assertion is that such metaphysics is beyond human understanding.The title Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics suggests that Kant does indeed anticipate an irrefutable metaphysics to be in the grasp of men in the future, but he never make outs such a claim in the text itself. The thing that Kant aimed for was clarity in the field of metaphysical endeavor, and this is the future metaphysics. Future can be interpreted in two ways here. First in the sense already suggested, so that metaphysical meaning is embeded on a scientific basis, in which the terms and strategies it employs argon well defined. But it can also be hinting at transcendental possibility, that by which all contradictions ar resolved through pure reason.Scientific clarity is the aim, and frankincense Kant justifies the labor involved in Critique Of Pure Reason (1781), of which the Prolegomena was a sequel meant to make more accessible. He is at straining to point out that there is a moral obligation involved here. People can non surrender themselves to unreason, beca lend oneself reason is the very make-up of the human, so postulates Kant. The suggestion that reason be throw out was made by David Hume, who had spelt out a comprehensive theory of empirical skepticism.All our fuckledge is through sense perceptions, therefore are entirely congenital, and cannot be tied into an absolute whole through the application of reason. It is merely by the direction of custom that we acquire a coherent worldview, he maintained.2 Kant saw this as a capitulation to unreason. It was not just Humes personal viewpoint that mattered. It was indeed a wider crisis in metaphysics that he was addressing.When Newtons physics could not be subsumed under any metaphysics, this engendered an intellectual confusion, and Humes solution was that metaphysics be abandoned as impossible. Kant enjoined that it is impossible to abandon metaphysics, for man reasons by necessity. Instead of finality we must aim for metaphysical clarity, and this is absolutely contingent upon us, indeed a moral obligation. He made what seem to be self-aggrandizing claims about the crucial importance of the Critique in the history of metaphysics, but a closer question impart show that it is not from conceit, but rather from moral outrage.The true nature of metaphysics is laid out with scientific clarity in the Critique and the Prolegomena, and this is the essence that Kant wants to convey, not the final outco me. He takes Hume to task in the very opening of the CritiqueAlthough all our knowledge begins with experience, it does not follow that it arises entirely from experience. For it is quite possible that our empirical knowledge is a compound of that which we receive through impressions and that which our own faculty of knowing (incited by impressions) supplies from itself.3When considering sensual perception he first makes the distinction between a priori and a posteriori, the first suggesting an ingrained facility of the mind, and the second is a facility borne after the event. The second distinction is between analytical and synthetic propositions. In an analytic proposition the predicate is contained within the surmount, such as the flamingo is a bird. In a synthetic proposition the predicate adds something new to the subject, such as the flamingo is pink. The pinkness is not in the definition of flamingo, but rather has to be got from observation, and therefore it is also a post eriori.Synthetic a posteriori propositions are employed in the field of natural science. On the other hand all mathematical truths are naive, i.e. we visualise their truth before sensory perception. They are also synthetic when we say 3+4=7, then 7 is a new concept, not contained in either 3 of 4. maths holds the key to metaphysics, according to Kant. It demonstrates that synthetic a priori propositions are possible, which is contrary to normal expectation. We feel that whatever is innate is necessarily analytical. We are what we are, separated from the objective natural world beyond us. Against this instinctive point of view, Kant contended that we are not passive observers of an external world separated from us, but that with our innate faculties we synthesize our own subjective reality.The first stage of this synthesis is when we intuit objects in our perception. Things in themselves can never appear to us we only have subjective sensory data to work with. It is a meaningless jumble of light, sound, touch, seek and smell, but then our faculty of sensibility intervenes and creates order out of this chaos. This faculty is synthetic a priori, and makes use of pure intuitions. Space is one such pure intuition. Newton had maintained that space is an external, absolute and untroubled reality. Kant counters that, no, space is pure intuition. Time is another such.Through the faculties of sensibility we come to make a judicial decision of perception. olibanum far it is an entirely subjective viewpoint, with no objective framework to relate to that would link our views with those of others. This is the function of our judgment of experience. It too is synthetic a priori, and links the objects of perception into a rational order that facilitates understanding. This is done through pure concepts of understanding, and causation is one of them. Through this faculty we know that one event is cause to another, and thus wise we have come across Humes impasse, where he could find no rational throw that could link a effect to a cause when confined to empirical sense data.4 Cause and effect is thus a concept of human understanding. Such understanding is composed of components that are a priori and synthetic, and it is meant to make the world intelligible to us.Just because the world is made intelligible, it does not imply that we do not meet contradiction. When we think we do so tangentially, i.e. we think by making propositions in terms of subjects and predicates. But each subject we introduce is the predicate of another subject in an infinite chain. Because the absolute subject is beyond our grasp, discursive reason naturally leads to fallacies. In fact each truthful proposition will be found to have an equally valid refutation, which together are described as pairs of antimonies. Kant cites four cosmological antimonies, one of which places infinite space against a limited one. He goes on to show that there is no contradiction in essence. As originating in the judgment of perception space does indeed have a beginning. But as regards human understanding space is necessarily infinite. The conflict arises from metaphysics failing to distinguish the noumenal (thing in itself) from the phenomenal (as appears to human understanding).Thus far does metaphysics gain clarity, but not finality. The human mind cannot help ponder on the questions of metaphysics, but it must come to terms with the fact that it is bounded. Human understanding is meant to make the out world intelligible, and thus proves inadequate when the focus is redirected to the inner essence of the mind, which is the object that metaphysics must study. But the reverse lesson of metaphysics is that pure reason subsumes all. One must not despair of human reason, for one must know that it originates in pure reason and is overcome by it in the end.Subservience to pure reason is indeed a moral obligation. Other than clarity in metaphysics, which is not suitable for a ll, Kant advanced his categorical imperative I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.5 We cannot help noticing that this is only a rewording of the golden witness of Christianity Do unto others as you would they should do unto you.6 Thus through clarity in metaphysics Kant can be utter to have arrived at religious doctrine too.ReferencesHume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. Eric Steinberg. capital of Massachusetts Hackett Publishing, 1993.Jeffrey, David L. A Dictionary of scriptural tradition in English Literature.Grand Rapids, MI Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1992.Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason. Trans. Werner S. Pluhar. Ed. Eric Watkins. Boston Hackett Publishing Company, 1999.Kant, Immanuel. al-Qaeda of the Metaphysics of Morals. Ed. Mary Gregor. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1998.Kant, Immanuel. Kants Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics. Whitefish, MT Kessinger Publishi ng, 2005.1 Immanuel Kant, Kants Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, Whitefish, MT Kessinger Publishing, 2005, p. 92.2 David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Ed. Eric Steinberg, Boston Hackett Publishing, 1993, p. 29.3 Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason. Trans. Werner S. Pluhar, Ed. Eric Watkins, Boston Hackett Publishing Company, 1999, p. 1. 4 Hume, Enquiry, p. 49. 5 Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Ed. Mary Gregor, Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1998, p. 16. 6 David L. Jeffrey, A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature,Grand Rapids, MI Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1992, p. 314.

Differences and Similarities between Federal and State Governments

The federal and render government activitys of the United State throw apparent differences and similarities. This nature is based with the principle that there should be an existing central governing command as exemplified by the federal government of U. S. Aside from a national ruling however, it is still intrinsic that state governments handle and control the concerns and interests most significant for the people of particular state. It is in comparing and severalise the said structures of governments that American administration proves its purpose and essence to the society and its people.Similar to the federal government, every state government carries on with an established charter that determines the link between the governmental establishments and associations even at the level of state governments. All state institutions comprise a structure of separation of powers within the three tell apartes of government. While prexy is the primary federal government head, a Gov ernor heads the executive branch of state government.The legislative branch of the federal government is composed of the Senate and House of Representatives whereas state governments have mostly lower houses, based from its bicameral type of legislature. While both government structures appear to be similar as far as the nature of their respective Congress, they differ in the frequency of legislature meetings. In the judicial aspect, federal resolve are nominated by the President while election takes place in choosing state courts adjudicate (Williams, 1998).William confirmed that federalism works but then asserted that states work well and even better than federal governments. This is because unlike federalism, states actually have federal structures even though they are not operating on a federal foundation. This simply means that states adhere with and apply the federal principles being performed by the federal government in the structure of state governments which made it mor e effective to the people of American states (Williams, 1998).

Global Human Capital Management Trends

multifariousness is never easy. cassino X has been instituteing with the corresponding mindset for legion(predicate) years. In the past this was a go onful company exclusively with the globoseization of enculturation and the mart placeplace, cod in fragmentise to the applied science appendage and the internet, they quarter non victoryfully sour with an outdated human race imagination strategy. The gambling casinos fill had a trans ch allengeal style of lead believe that the primary purpose of a subordinate is to do their hypothecates, create clear break away requirements, and expect the personal line of credit to be done without question and immediately.The leaders save a touchableist ingest of thinking and engross their expertise as their source of power (IAAP Administrative Professionals week Event, 2009). National boundaries argon slight all outstanding(predicate), and multi case companies hatch the world as one market. Through technology small (a)er countries ar finding bigger markets for their goods and services, creating more than(prenominal) argument for older managed businesses (McAdams, Neslund, & Zucker, 2012). The best way to sculptural relief these concepts into the corporate mind is through example, presenting them analytical entropy, and real word examples of how changing their views of human capital has worked for opposite companies.This may tending them protrude how they passel work out flips. Insuring that they do non feel they moldiness be at the spiritedest take of the pot Cap faculty due date Model (CMM) tomorrow testament in any case help with the transition to a mature workforce. on that point ar no legal penalties for non improving the ethnical climate of the mint, only when the continued loss of productivity and revenue should be of round influence. signly, the leading essential be made to see the influence of globalization on the workforce in the res publica and be cause to clear how it affects unused(prenominal) companies and so their company.They allow whence be able to understand that the acquires of treating their employees as item-by-item assets under the People CMM exit insure they invest notice be competitive in the marketplace. A study global human capital precaution b early(a) in the country is the great number of immigrant workers non since the turn of the century has on that point been a greater influx of non-European lots. This influx has created heathenish conflicts in the fall in States. Developing heathen judgement is aimed to stop cross- heathen conflicts.There unavoidablyto be a coherent emphasis of the value on diversity in colloquy, good deal and strategic seening (Lankau, 2013). The lead rents understand how that emphasis leave behind improve the screw line of gambling casino X and improve the poop buoy line of casino X Macau. The leadership of the corporation give be introduced to the four cultural dimensions to adorn how culture can affect the financial health of the company. These atomic number 18 collectivism vs. individualism, power distance, orientation towards nature, and conversation content (Milliman, Taylor, & Czaplewski, 2002).The united States is seen as individualist nation, earlier depending on individual task conclusion. Many another(prenominal) countries prefer a collectivistic view, they c ar astir(predicate) the group and depend on relationships to complete projects. spirit that view can improve conference with employees, suppliers and the customers. lofty power cultures do distinct structure, accepting incommensurate power and deference to superiors, while in the coupled States, a low power distance culture, all people are finded to cast off equal power.An American attitude is that we can control e genuinelything in nature, tolerant us a soulal stake in all we do while those with an orientation towards an wild nature feel that failure or success is out of their hands. Communication is the fourth topic that the leadership of cassino X moldinessiness realize close to the cultures of other countries, intimately take into account the stage setting of communication they take into account all of the things surround the message not only what is said solely the surrounding context, what was said forrader and after, if only through email how it is said, body language, if the communication is in person.Knowing the cultural strive-up of the employee metrical unit volition help this leadership improve its communication with their employees. Understanding the cultural differences in communication entrust assist in the advance of employee relationships and increase productivity. The introduction to the cultural distinctions and world views of employees and foreign companies depart make the People CMM more understandable, and perchance increase the buy-in to the People CMM program. To achieve success with the People CMM, Casino X must first learn on which level their companys adulthood falls into.By surveying their employees they can get an general picture of where they stand on the People CMM l add oner. thusly by going through each rendering they can realistically figure out what they penury to do to improve the financial bottom line. The Initial take aim will be come onn to thrust irreconcilable workplace practices, no clear insurance policy and an emotionally detached workforce. This does not describe Casino X. The Managed level shows an lend oneselfation of policy, but shows signs of overwork, distractions, unclear objectives poor communication and a low morale.It is imperative to emphasize corporate-wide improvement programs to identify critical skills and improve focus skills at this level. This is the level at which Casino X falls. Their employees are accomplishing the job, but befool no pride in it, and no schemeal loyalty. Because of this they make wa ter no modernistic thinking and Casino X is spending a great deal of money and era go against employees instead of improving them. The succeeding(prenominal) level of matureness is the Defined Level, they are functional better but are now missing key opportunities because of a lack of talent.They will need to work on workforce competency and more strategic thinking. Level 4 is called the Predictable Level of maturity in a company. They are dramatizeing all policies and completing all requirements with full trust of management. at once is the era to innovate in lineation technology, introduce new programs and training. At maturity level 5, The Optimizing Level, there is accountability and measured improvement in the way the company whole kit and caboodle, the employees select high morale, and the financial outlook is good (Curtis, Hefley, & Miller, 2010). This is the level, the getatable star, that Casino X inevitably to shoot for.By video display them the tools and ins uring they realize that it is a run and they do not have to get there overnight (nor should they try) they can overcome the global human capital puzzles they saying with predictable changes and understanding. The management styles of Casino X must be improved to obtain the employee improvement and eventual(prenominal) pro chalk up there is to gain in the accomplishment of the casino. Motivating these managers to work together may be a challenge. The best address to creating change is to work with them when you work with your employees, they will be happier to work with management.This working s s well up up when people want to collaborate but are struggling to adjust to the situation, i. e. a concourse of companies, and achieve the goals of change. This may help to instill a feeling of responsibility in the importance of the completion of this project and how they are the key may give them an incentive for success. Involving them in working together intellectually the employ ees may become more involved emotionally which may persuade them that it is the right thing to do, to follow the new visual sense of the casino (Changing Minds, 2012-2013).To appeal to the antecedent issues the following memorandum was submitted to the leadership of Casino X The casino industriousness has been managed in the like manner for several years. The autocratic management style is quite an firmly entrenched drawing from the fact that the assiduity began as an illegal activity. In addition, the gaming industry has been clouded by an atmosphere of distrust as evidenced by constant super hatful of forcefulness activities, such as video surveillance of all gaming tables. The industry is also heavily unionized. This unionization has fostered an anti-management mentality (Reimann, 1993).With the influx of multinational employees it has become more evident, by a high turnover in staff and lost profits that changes need to be made. Over the past several years rival has in creased as well. This argument is from video, internet, and riverboat gambling, as well as gaming on Indian reservations (Reimann, 1993) and competition from other overseas establishments. Because of all this competition the employee base is becoming more diverse, and while Casino X is trying to maximize their profits, they must also descry the potential profit in their human capital.To do this they must insure that the exchange betwixt the casino and the employees of the casino are mutually beneficial (Chen & Chuang, 2013). Therefore, the use of change management by governmental study is even more consequential for a profitable evolution in management. As you have realized, you have a puzzle with the lack of employee loyalty and high turnover. You have taken the first steps in the put to work of Organizational Development in that you have form what needs to change and have hold me to assist you in the matter.We next discussed the underlying reasons a lack of understandin g the cultural differences and globalization of your competition and employee base (French & Bell, 1995). I informed you through a prior memorandum of what we learned from the data we collected. Now we need to discuss the root causes and remedies for your dilemma (Rooney & Vanden Heuval, 2004). We need to invest in the human capital of your employees they need to feel that they are a part of the Casino, not just working for a supervisor who works for the Casino.We need them to be incited and inspired to work. This will reflect on how they deal with your customers, and will show return in investment in reprise customer loyalty and, in turn, profit. I preach starting with training the management police squads in cultural diversity this would also serve you well in customer relations, as there is an increase in foreign travel to Las Vegas. The management needs to understand how to relate to other cultures and ethics systems so they can identify ways to improve communications with e mployees and employee communication with customers.Most grave, as the Casino leadership you need to have a vision of how you want your Casino perceived as an entertainment location or a gambling establishment. Your vision needs to be understandably articulated to your employees and should serve to inspire your management teams. Your vision should set an example your employees want to follow. I also suggest giving your employees a voice in improving customer relations and improving their working servees, both of which can be achieved by creating a team concept. These teams would consist of employees working in the same milieu with rotation of team leadership.Team leaders would trifle suggestions for improvement to management. An important goal in this process would state that employees could not bring a problem to the employee teams attention without bringing a proposed solution. Keep in mind that in large(p)r hospitality organizations an entrepreneurial spirit is more easy su stained when overlap visions of management styles are part of the organization rather than only a process (Agrusa & Lema, 2007). Once we get the organization processes in action we will monitor the gird.Everyone who contributed information should have an luck to learn more or less the findings of this assessment process, maintaining confidentiality. The feedback should start with the Casino leadership and the Management teams. It will be treat down through the employee teams to reach all who have participated. This provides an opportunity for the organizations people to become involved in the change process, to learn near how different split of the organization affect each other, and to participate in selecting appropriate change interventions (French & Bell, 1995).We will then make changes as through the creation of an implementation plan contracted found on the assessment data logically organized, results-oriented, measurable and rewarded. This will be a continuous proce ss and done at unbendable intervals. This will not work without your full accommodate and cooperation. You, as the Casino Leadership, are the example to the total company and without your run on this will be an evacuate attempt at progress the employees will endure that their input in not valued and you will be right back to square one.The next step is to plan for a participative decision-making process for implementing the changes. Leadership must remain flexible teeming to qualify the process as the organization changes and as new information emerges (IAAP Adminstrative Professionals Week Event, 2009). You must emphasize to your employees that the changes they longing to make must be of equal or greater quality to the customer and the work environment. The human capital change management process is important to obtain a profitable success.You must esteem that your employees who are doing the jobs know best how to do those tasks they are an asset to the positive changes y ou wish to make. They are also the greatest resource you have for knowing which changes will be of the greatest benefit to the customer, the employees, and the bottom line. You should kick in problem solving and decision making to the final levels possible this will empower your employees. Expect the best of your employees they will only rise to the level anticipate from them.If they are empowered and inspired to do so, your employees can perform at consistently higher levels (Reimann, 1993). These are the recommendations and guidance we provide to the leadership of Casino X. The heading to overseas casino operations has begun in your operation, and is already established in the city of Macau in the Philippines. There are many another(prenominal) global staffing theories available to your organization a review of these theories will assist in the development of your company to a higher management maturity level and greater profit margin.Global staffing is the fail of the human resources surgical incision to fill key positions at an international level. There are more employees unbidden to take on the challenge of working in a different country, to expatriate, this gives them more experience and they may possibly gain better positions far more quickly than those who remain in the home location. Companies benefit from being a multinational organization by being able to attract a greater talent base. The overall global staffing outline must be inclusive of methods to motivate employees to attract them to their organization (Scullion & Collings, 2006).A popular Global management theory is effect management this method emphasizes the excellence of each person or teams process in the organization, it is said to motivate employees through holistic evaluations and to gird the link amidst company accomplishments and employee rewards (Gliddon, HRMT 620 Class Notes 6, 2013). This management process has had some problems in the force countries local population managers, or inpatriate managers (Maley, 2011). You must insure that the inpatriate managers are developed as oftentimes as your in-country managers are if they are to gain a sustainable competitive advantage.The accomplishment appraisals create verbally for your inpatriate managers must be reflective of the cultural norms of their country and still keep the performance to the standards your company requires. This form of management has been shown to be difficult for many organizations (Maley, 2011) although it has worked well in other casinos in Macau. The adjusting of employee needs and organizational needs can be seen in job satisfaction and internal service quality. It is inevitable to have positive employee relationships with organizational payload, which is extremely important to hospitality companies, such as casinos, for competitive advantage.With look on to the impact of job satisfaction on turnover, many studies conclude that highly satisfied employees are less lik ely to seek new employment. The most important link to job satisfaction, especially in other countries, are hygiene factors linked to work environment and work conditions. In a casino environment, job stress can typically result from eternally changing work shifts and being closely watched by players and surveillance cameras this should be closely monitored. Macau casino employees have a greater problem with job stress. straining has been shown to lead to job dissatisfaction and may lower customer service quality.Minimizing job stress is an important font of job satisfaction for casino workers (Gu, Siu, & Chi, 2009). The most important part of performance management is the linking of the individual performance with the objectives of the business (Stiles , et al. , 2006). Performance management also requires periodical coaching and advising to maintain motivation and organizational vision. some other theory is reward management this would attract highly skilled employees by usin g pay incentives to come up employee interest with the business and the stakeholders interests.Rather than acting as a guiding tool, reward management can rack up fixed costs in employee wage. Operating based on mutuality, and typically emphasizing the notion of shared responsibility, employees stand to do well if the firm performs well and vice versa. There is also an increasing view of companies to view talent effectively as a strategic priority. Talent management theory uses recruitment practices that follow a talent syndicate strategy where the company first recruits the best people and then places them into positions rather than trying to recruit specific people for specific positions (Gu, Siu, & Chi, 2009).This process need a large applicant pool to draw from and therefore this would not be an effective method for Casino Xs global resource management team to use, as there are not enough specifically qualified people in your troops country to generate a sufficient pool of talent from which to draw. Total Quality Management (TQM) is the most well-known management theory the most benevolent part of TQM is that it is not stagnant. TQM is an evolving and changing management system that works by fitting the company, the employees and the ever-changing market.This would be the best way to manage your business. TQM works by using the concept of improvement through faulting (Gliddon, HRMT 620 Class Notes 5, 2013). One of the major factors you must consider when using TQM from a management standpoint is how much commitment are you willing to give to change, realizing that if the management is not a part of the change the employees will not follow. Also, remember that the process is not a short-term solution it is a long-term commitment to success (Chen & Chuang, 2013).You must understand that the impact on how your managers perform their jobs is directly affected by how you impart the information regarding changes you make and the results of those changes. Your employees will be more concerned with being rewarded. Leadership in regards to change should understand that rewarding employees for their efforts and change in manner during and after the change event is important and has a direct impact to how they perform their jobs. Casino Xs leadership must realize that the support of a large number of resources including the employees is necessary to implement their change program (Peterson, 2010).Above all there will need to be orientation training, learning near the cultures of the employees and the host country. Learning is a continuous process, and global learning is the ability of an organization to review its progress continuously, to learn from its experiences, and to transfer the knowledge and expertise developed in each part of its global meshing to all other parts worldwide (Ling & Jaw, 2006). Casino X Macau must have a brilliant casino labor force to be competitive.Presently there are only a few things that need to be done to improve the casino employees work performance. The most important of these is to improve employees interpersonal skills and to strengthen the person-to-person interactions of Macao casinos customer service practices. Additionally, employees language ability should be enhanced for both Mandarin articulateness and English knowledge so that Casino X Macau can meet the demand of an expanding Mainland Chinese market and the need for becoming a more internationalized market and workplace (Gu, Siu, & Chi, 2009).High-performing companies have integrated their core set into the human capital resource process how they attract, hire, and develop talent manage performance compensate employees and so on. Methods for developing and maintaining a strong culture should be systematically used. These methods should focus on attitudes and cultural fit in the selection process, on secondary socialisation and training, and performance management.The methods that Casino X should use are build aro und company core determine and use both symbolic and values-based leadership (Stiles , et al. , 2006). fostering programs need to be established that create a foundation upon which to base continuing training. A multinational organization needs the ability to train cross-cultural teams. These teams will ensure high levels of collaboration and performance. However, before you decide how to train your employees you must consider how you will recruit them.The socialization process begins with recruitment in that the organization is likely to select new members who already have the right set of attitudes, beliefs, and values (Stiles , et al. , 2006). It was found that high-performing companies have instilled their core values into every process. Their vision is instilled in how they attract, hire, and develop their employee base, how the company manages performance, and how they compensate employees. Casino X needs to focus on attitudes and cultural fit in the selection process with a n emphasis on secondary socialization andtraining.Leadership must insure that the performance management and compensation & benefits systems are built around company core vision and that they are the example of the symbolic and values-based leadership. All levels of the company have a role in the hiring and holding of quality employees. The human resource department should be liable for developing the strategy, policy and basic foundation of the hiring process. They will also need to provide translation and coordination of global issues in Macau.The closer to the country you are working in the more detailed your human resources department should be, locally in country, they should deal with national polices and locally specific policies. It is not good enough to fasten on a best practice policy without considering the cultural implications, United States best practice will not always work in other countries. Casino X Macau will have to insure that their recruiting practices alig n with all level of their business needs and insure they are complying with all local and country laws and policies.As I have previously noted in our discussions, it is quality of leadership that is ultimately responsible for ensuring congruence between the various aspects of the organization, its environment, and strategies (Stiles , et al. , 2006). Part of that responsibility will be the training of your employees. When hiring expatriates it is imperative that you do some straighten out of cultural training, and would be more copious if you conduct cross training, so that both the expatriate employees and the host country employees can learn about each other in a controlled environment.Commonly used techniques to develop cross-cultural teams are the cognitive approach and the experiential approach. These approaches to cross training focus on edifice a greater level of understanding and respect between employees of different cultures. Encouraging your employees in the process of discussing variations in each others culture will help in increasing their level of cooperation and enhance their ability to get the work done in a profitable manner.Additionally you can add training to enhance other leadership qualities such as communications, listening skills, conflict resolution, negotiation skills, and problem solving (Scullion & Collings, 2006). As for the original Casino X, I again recommend cultural sensitivity training, due to the large influx of Mexican immigrants to the area. The Mexican culture is much more relationship based than that of the United States. Research shows that Mexicans form loyalties to individuals versus companies. Much of their impressions about the new company will be formed at orientation.I would also recommend that the orientations include time with the departments they are working with, it has been shown that starting the employees with face-to-face contact with those they will work with will provide a better employee base (Carrill o, 2006). Remember that change is difficult for many people, but in the end is very profitable if managed correctly. Strong resistance to change is often root in deeply conditioned or historically reinforced feelings. Patience and tolerance are required to help people in these situations to see things differently (Chapman, 2012). Global Human Capital Management TrendsChange is never easy. Casino X has been working with the same mindset for many years. In the past this was a profitable company but with the globalization of culture and the marketplace, due in part to the technology growth and the internet, they cannot successfully work with an outdated human resource system. The casinos have had a transactional style of leadership believing that the primary purpose of a subordinate is to do their jobs, create clear work requirements, and expect the job to be done without question and immediately.The leaders have a realist view of thinking and use their expertise as their source of pow er (IAAP Administrative Professionals Week Event, 2009). National boundaries are less important, and multinational companies treat the world as one market. Through technology smaller countries are finding bigger markets for their goods and services, creating more competition for older managed businesses (McAdams, Neslund, & Zucker, 2012). The best way to ease these concepts into the corporate mind is through example, presenting them analytical data, and real word examples of how changing their views of human capital has worked for other companies.This may help them see how they can make changes. Insuring that they do not feel they must be at the highest level of the People Capability Maturity Model (CMM) tomorrow will also help with the transition to a mature workforce. There are no legal penalties for not improving the cultural climate of the corporation, but the continued loss of productivity and revenue should be of some influence. Initially, the leadership must be made to see th e influence of globalization on the workforce in the country and then to understand how it affects other companies and then their company.They will then be able to understand that the benefits of treating their employees as individual assets under the People CMM will insure they can be competitive in the marketplace. A major global human capital management problem in the country is the greater number of immigrant workers not since the turn of the century has there been a greater influx of non-European peoples. This influx has created cultural conflicts in the United States. Developing cultural understanding is required to prevent cross-cultural conflicts.There needsto be a consistent emphasis of the value on diversity in communication, vision and strategic planning (Lankau, 2013). The leadership needs understand how that emphasis will improve the bottom line of Casino X and improve the bottom line of Casino X Macau. The leadership of the corporation will be introduced to the four cu ltural dimensions to illustrate how culture can affect the financial health of the company. These are collectivism vs. individualism, power distance, orientation towards nature, and communication content (Milliman, Taylor, & Czaplewski, 2002).The United States is seen as individualist nation, primarily depending on individual task completion. Many other countries prefer a collectivistic view, they care about the group and depend on relationships to complete projects. Understanding that view can improve communication with employees, suppliers and the customers. High power cultures have distinct structure, accepting unequal power and deference to superiors, while in the United States, a low power distance culture, all people are considered to have equal power.An American attitude is that we can control everything in nature, giving us a personal stake in all we do while those with an orientation towards an uncontrolled nature feel that failure or success is out of their hands. Communic ation is the fourth topic that the leadership of Casino X must realize about the cultures of other countries, most take into account the context of communication they take into account all of the things surrounding the message not only what is said but the surrounding context, what was said before and after, if only through email how it is said, body language, if the communication is in person.Knowing the cultural make-up of the employee base will help this leadership improve its communication with their employees. Understanding the cultural differences in communication will assist in the improvement of employee relationships and increase productivity. The introduction to the cultural distinctions and world views of employees and overseas companies will make the People CMM more understandable, and possibly increase the buy-in to the People CMM program. To achieve success with the People CMM, Casino X must first decide on which level their companys maturity falls into.By surveying th eir employees they can get an overall picture of where they stand on the People CMM ladder. Then by going through each description they can realistically figure out what they need to do to improve the financial bottom line. The Initial Level will be shown to have inconsistent workplace practices, no clear policy and an emotionally detached workforce. This does not describe Casino X. The Managed Level shows an implementation of policy, but shows signs of overwork, distractions, unclear objectives poor communication and a low morale.It is imperative to emphasize corporate-wide improvement programs to identify critical skills and improve management skills at this level. This is the level at which Casino X falls. Their employees are accomplishing the job, but have no pride in it, and no organizational loyalty. Because of this they have no innovative thinking and Casino X is spending a great deal of money and time retraining employees instead of improving them. The next level of maturity is the Defined Level, they are working better but are now missing key opportunities because of a lack of talent.They will need to work on workforce competency and more strategic thinking. Level 4 is called the Predictable Level of maturity in a company. They are following all policies and completing all requirements with full trust of management. Now is the time to innovate information technology, introduce new programs and training. At maturity level 5, The Optimizing Level, there is accountability and measured improvement in the way the company works, the employees have high morale, and the financial outlook is good (Curtis, Hefley, & Miller, 2010). This is the level, the attainable star, that Casino X needs to shoot for.By showing them the tools and insuring they realize that it is a process and they do not have to get there overnight (nor should they try) they can overcome the global human capital problems they face with predictable changes and understanding. The management sty les of Casino X must be improved to obtain the employee improvement and eventual profit there is to gain in the operation of the casino. Motivating these managers to work together may be a challenge. The best approach to creating change is to work with them when you work with your employees, they will be happier to work with management.This works well when people want to collaborate but are struggling to adjust to the situation, i. e. a merging of companies, and achieve the goals of change. This may help to instill a feeling of responsibility in the importance of the completion of this project and how they are the key may give them an incentive for success. Involving them in working together intellectually the employees may become more involved emotionally which may persuade them that it is the right thing to do, to follow the new vision of the casino (Changing Minds, 2012-2013).To appeal to the preceding issues the following memorandum was submitted to the leadership of Casino X Th e casino industry has been managed in the same fashion for several years. The autocratic management style is quite firmly entrenched drawing from the fact that the industry began as an illegal activity. In addition, the gaming industry has been clouded by an atmosphere of distrust as evidenced by constant supervision of personnel activities, such as video surveillance of all gaming tables. The industry is also heavily unionized. This unionization has fostered an anti-management mentality (Reimann, 1993).With the influx of multinational employees it has become more evident, by a high turnover in staff and lost profits that changes need to be made. Over the past several years competition has increased as well. This competition is from video, internet, and riverboat gambling, as well as gaming on Indian reservations (Reimann, 1993) and competition from other overseas establishments. Because of all this competition the employee base is becoming more diverse, and while Casino X is trying to maximize their profits, they must also recognize the potential profit in their human capital.To do this they must insure that the exchange between the casino and the employees of the casino are mutually beneficial (Chen & Chuang, 2013). Therefore, the use of change management by organizational development is even more important for a profitable evolution in management. As you have realized, you have a problem with the lack of employee loyalty and high turnover. You have taken the first steps in the process of Organizational Development in that you have found what needs to change and have retained me to assist you in the matter.We next discussed the underlying reasons a lack of understanding the cultural differences and globalization of your competition and employee base (French & Bell, 1995). I informed you through a prior memorandum of what we learned from the data we collected. Now we need to discuss the root causes and remedies for your dilemma (Rooney & Vanden Heuval, 2004). We need to invest in the human capital of your employees they need to feel that they are a part of the Casino, not just working for a supervisor who works for the Casino.We need them to be motivated and inspired to work. This will reflect on how they deal with your customers, and will show return in investment in repeat customer loyalty and, in turn, profit. I recommend starting with training the management teams in cultural diversity this would also serve you well in customer relations, as there is an increase in foreign travel to Las Vegas. The management needs to understand how to relate to other cultures and ethics systems so they can identify ways to improve communications with employees and employee communication with customers.Most important, as the Casino leadership you need to have a vision of how you want your Casino perceived as an entertainment location or a gambling establishment. Your vision needs to be clearly articulated to your employees and should serve to inspire your management teams. Your vision should set an example your employees want to follow. I also suggest giving your employees a voice in improving customer relations and improving their working processes, both of which can be achieved by creating a team concept. These teams would consist of employees working in the same environment with rotation of team leadership.Team leaders would bring suggestions for improvement to management. An important goal in this process would state that employees could not bring a problem to the employee teams attention without bringing a proposed solution. Keep in mind that in larger hospitality organizations an entrepreneurial spirit is more easily sustained when shared visions of management styles are part of the organization rather than only a process (Agrusa & Lema, 2007). Once we get the organization processes in action we will monitor the progress.Everyone who contributed information should have an opportunity to learn about the findings of this as sessment process, maintaining confidentiality. The feedback should start with the Casino Leadership and the Management teams. It will be processed down through the employee teams to reach all who have participated. This provides an opportunity for the organizations people to become involved in the change process, to learn about how different parts of the organization affect each other, and to participate in selecting appropriate change interventions (French & Bell, 1995).We will then make changes as through the creation of an implementation plan developed based on the assessment data logically organized, results-oriented, measurable and rewarded. This will be a continuous process and done at regular intervals. This will not work without your full support and cooperation. You, as the Casino Leadership, are the example to the entire company and without your support this will be an empty attempt at progress the employees will know that their input in not valued and you will be right ba ck to square one.The next step is to plan for a participative decision-making process for implementing the changes. Leadership must remain flexible enough to modify the process as the organization changes and as new information emerges (IAAP Adminstrative Professionals Week Event, 2009). You must emphasize to your employees that the changes they wish to make must be of equal or greater quality to the customer and the work environment. The human capital change management process is important to obtain a profitable success.You must remember that your employees who are doing the jobs know best how to do those tasks they are an asset to the positive changes you wish to make. They are also the greatest resource you have for knowing which changes will be of the greatest benefit to the customer, the employees, and the bottom line. You should leave problem solving and decision making to the lowest levels possible this will empower your employees. Expect the best of your employees they will only rise to the level expected from them.If they are empowered and inspired to do so, your employees can perform at consistently higher levels (Reimann, 1993). These are the recommendations and guidance we provide to the leadership of Casino X. The movement to overseas casino operations has begun in your operation, and is already established in the city of Macau in the Philippines. There are many global staffing theories available to your organization a review of these theories will assist in the development of your company to a higher management maturity level and greater profit margin.Global staffing is the function of the human resources department to fill key positions at an international level. There are more employees willing to take on the challenge of working in a different country, to expatriate, this gives them more experience and they may possibly gain better positions far more quickly than those who remain in the home location. Companies benefit from being a multination al organization by being able to attract a greater talent base. The overall global staffing strategy must be inclusive of methods to motivate employees to attract them to their organization (Scullion & Collings, 2006).A popular Global management theory is performance management this method emphasizes the excellence of each person or teams process in the organization, it is said to motivate employees through holistic evaluations and to strengthen the link between company accomplishments and employee rewards (Gliddon, HRMT 620 Class Notes 6, 2013). This management process has had some problems in the host countries local population managers, or inpatriate managers (Maley, 2011). You must insure that the inpatriate managers are developed as much as your in-country managers are if they are to gain a sustainable competitive advantage.The performance appraisals written for your inpatriate managers must be reflective of the cultural norms of their country and still keep the performance to the standards your company requires. This form of management has been shown to be difficult for many organizations (Maley, 2011) although it has worked well in other casinos in Macau. The aligning of employee needs and organizational needs can be seen in job satisfaction and internal service quality. It is necessary to have positive employee relationships with organizational commitment, which is extremely important to hospitality companies, such as casinos, for competitive advantage.With respect to the impact of job satisfaction on turnover, many studies conclude that highly satisfied employees are less likely to seek new employment. The most important link to job satisfaction, especially in other countries, are hygiene factors linked to work environment and work conditions. In a casino environment, job stress can typically result from constantly changing work shifts and being closely watched by players and surveillance cameras this should be closely monitored. Macau casino employee s have a greater problem with job stress. Stress has been shown to lead to job dissatisfaction and may lower customer service quality.Minimizing job stress is an important aspect of job satisfaction for casino workers (Gu, Siu, & Chi, 2009). The most important part of performance management is the linking of the individual performance with the objectives of the business (Stiles , et al. , 2006). Performance management also requires periodic coaching and advising to maintain motivation and organizational vision. Another theory is reward management this would attract highly skilled employees by using pay incentives to align employee interest with the business and the stakeholders interests.Rather than acting as a guiding tool, reward management can remove fixed costs in employee wage. Operating based on mutuality, and typically emphasizing the notion of shared responsibility, employees stand to do well if the firm performs well and vice versa. There is also an increasing view of compa nies to view talent effectively as a strategic priority. Talent management theory uses recruitment practices that follow a talent pool strategy where the company first recruits the best people and then places them into positions rather than trying to recruit specific people for specific positions (Gu, Siu, & Chi, 2009).This process need a large applicant pool to draw from and therefore this would not be an effective method for Casino Xs global resource management team to use, as there are not enough specifically qualified people in your host country to generate a sufficient pool of talent from which to draw. Total Quality Management (TQM) is the most well-known management theory the most appealing part of TQM is that it is not stagnant. TQM is an evolving and changing management system that works by fitting the company, the employees and the ever-changing market.This would be the best way to manage your business. TQM works by using the concept of improvement through transformation ( Gliddon, HRMT 620 Class Notes 5, 2013). One of the major factors you must consider when using TQM from a management standpoint is how much commitment are you willing to give to change, realizing that if the management is not a part of the change the employees will not follow. Also, remember that the process is not a short-term solution it is a long-term commitment to success (Chen & Chuang, 2013).You must understand that the impact on how your managers perform their jobs is directly affected by how you distribute the information regarding changes you make and the results of those changes. Your employees will be more concerned with being rewarded. Leadership in regards to change should understand that rewarding employees for their efforts and change in behavior during and after the change event is important and has a direct impact to how they perform their jobs. Casino Xs leadership must realize that the support of a large number of resources including the employees is necessary to i mplement their change program (Peterson, 2010).Above all there will need to be orientation training, learning about the cultures of the employees and the host country. Learning is a continuous process, and global learning is the ability of an organization to review its progress continuously, to learn from its experiences, and to transfer the knowledge and expertise developed in each part of its global network to all other parts worldwide (Ling & Jaw, 2006). Casino X Macau must have a first-class casino labor force to be competitive.Presently there are only a few things that need to be done to improve the casino employees work performance. The most important of these is to improve employees interpersonal skills and to strengthen the person-to-person interactions of Macao casinos customer service practices. Additionally, employees language ability should be enhanced for both Mandarin fluency and English knowledge so that Casino X Macau can meet the demand of an expanding Mainland Chin ese market and the need for becoming a more internationalized market and workplace (Gu, Siu, & Chi, 2009).High-performing companies have integrated their core values into the human capital resource process how they attract, hire, and develop talent manage performance compensate employees and so on. Methods for developing and maintaining a strong culture should be systematically used. These methods should focus on attitudes and cultural fit in the selection process, on secondary socialization and training, and performance management.The methods that Casino X should use are built around company core values and use both symbolic and values-based leadership (Stiles , et al. , 2006). Training programs need to be established that create a foundation upon which to base continuing training. A multinational organization needs the ability to train cross-cultural teams. These teams will ensure high levels of collaboration and performance. However, before you decide how to train your employees you must consider how you will recruit them.The socialization process begins with recruitment in that the organization is likely to select new members who already have the right set of attitudes, beliefs, and values (Stiles , et al. , 2006). It was found that high-performing companies have instilled their core values into every process. Their vision is instilled in how they attract, hire, and develop their employee base, how the company manages performance, and how they compensate employees. Casino X needs to focus on attitudes and cultural fit in the selection process with an emphasis on secondary socialization andtraining. Leadership must insure that the performance management and compensation & benefits systems are built around company core vision and that they are the example of the symbolic and values-based leadership. All levels of the company have a role in the hiring and keeping of quality employees. The human resource department should be responsible for developing the stra tegy, policy and basic infrastructure of the hiring process. They will also need to provide translation and coordination of global issues in Macau.The closer to the country you are working in the more detailed your human resources department should be, locally in country, they should deal with national polices and locally specific policies. It is not good enough to adopt a best practice policy without considering the cultural implications, United States best practice will not always work in other countries. Casino X Macau will have to insure that their recruiting practices align with all level of their business needs and insure they are complying with all local and country laws and policies.As I have previously noted in our discussions, it is quality of leadership that is ultimately responsible for ensuring congruence between the various aspects of the organization, its environment, and strategies (Stiles , et al. , 2006). Part of that responsibility will be the training of your emp loyees. When hiring expatriates it is imperative that you do some sort of cultural training, and would be more productive if you conduct cross training, so that both the expatriate employees and the host country employees can learn about each other in a controlled environment.Commonly used techniques to develop cross-cultural teams are the cognitive approach and the experiential approach. These approaches to cross training focus on building a greater level of understanding and respect between employees of different cultures. Encouraging your employees in the process of discussing variations in each others culture will help in increasing their level of cooperation and enhance their ability to get the work done in a profitable manner.Additionally you can add training to enhance other leadership qualities such as communications, listening skills, conflict resolution, negotiation skills, and problem solving (Scullion & Collings, 2006). As for the original Casino X, I again recommend cul tural sensitivity training, due to the large influx of Mexican immigrants to the area. The Mexican culture is much more relationship based than that of the United States. Research shows that Mexicans form loyalties to individuals versus companies. Much of their impressions about the new company will be formed at orientation.I would also recommend that the orientations include time with the departments they are working with, it has been shown that starting the employees with face-to-face contact with those they will work with will provide a better employee base (Carrillo, 2006). Remember that change is difficult for many people, but in the end is very profitable if managed correctly. Strong resistance to change is often rooted in deeply conditioned or historically reinforced feelings. Patience and tolerance are required to help people in these situations to see things differently (Chapman, 2012).